The first year was spent in minor operations, the purpose of which is not clear; perhaps it was to train the troops, or possibly Crassus wished to establish a base of supplies in Mesopotamia.[1] Roman troops crossed the Euphrates and advanced into the Land of the Two Rivers. The small force of Silaces, the Parthian satrap, was easily scattered and its leader wounded. The Greek cities, including Nicephorium, were easily won over; but after the inhabitants of Zenodotium had massacred some legionaries that town was stormed—an exploit for which Crassus was hailed as "imperator" by his troops.[2] Silaces retired to report to Orodes the news of the Roman invasion, for sufficient Parthian troops were not available to attempt further resistance.
Crassus failed to follow up his advantage, but left two cohorts from each legion, a total of seven thousand men, and one thousand cavalry to garrison the captured towns; he then returned to Syria for the winter. Orodes sent two generals to harry the garrisons of the newly taken villages, and spent the winter thus allowed him in preparation for the coming struggle.
During the winter Crassus stripped the temple at Jerusalem of such money and gold as Pompey had left,[3] plundered the temple of Atargatis at Hierapolis-
