it does change its place and move in a small circle. If you examine the stars of the Great Bear, you will observe that they turn in a circle considerably larger than that of the Polar Star, but they are still visible in the whole extent of the circle, and they turn completely round in it, without descending below the horizon. If you examine the next bright star Capella, which you will find on the globe in the constellation Auriga, you will find it describes a circle also, of which the Pole Star is apparently the centre. It goes very near the horizon when lowest in the north, and almost over our heads when highest in the south. If you examine the movement of the last of the stars I have mentioned, namely, the bright star in the constellation Lyra, you will find it moves in such a circle that it as nearly as possible touches the horizon. In the south of England it just descends below the north horizon; here (at Ipswich) it does not, but it passes so near the horizon that it can rarely be seen in the north.
Thus, if we fix a straight rod in a certain standard direction, pointing nearly, but not exactly, to the Polar Star, we find that the stars which are close in the direction of this rod, as seen by viewing along it, describe a very small circle; the stars further from it describe a larger circle; others just touch the northern horizon; whilst, in regard to others, if they do describe a whole circle at all, part of that circle is below the horizon; they are seen to come up in the east, to pass the south, and to go down in the west, and they are lost below the horizon from that place till they rise again in the east. These are the fundamental phenomena of the stars. It is important that any person, who wishes to understand Astronomy, should look into the matter, and see with his
