The total quantity of heat generated may be estimated with some considerable degree of precision as follows:
| Quantity of ice-cold water which, with the given quantity of heat, might have been heated 180°, or made to boil. | In avoirdupois weight. lbs. | |
| "Of the heat excited there appears to have been actually accumulated: "In the water contained in the wooden box, 1838 pounds, avoirdupois, heated 150°, namely, from 60° to 100° Fahr. | 15.2 | |
| "In 113.13 pounds of gun-metal (the hollow cylinder), heated 150°; and, as the capacity for heat of this metal is to that of water as 0.1100 to 1.0000, this quantity of heat would have heated 1212 pounds of water the same number of degrees. | 10.37 | |
| "In 36.75 cubic inches of iron (being that part of the iron bar to which the borer was fixed which entered the box), heated 150°; which may be reckoned equal in capacity for heat to 1.21 pound of water. | 1.01 | |
| "N. B.—No estimate is here made of the heat accumulated in the wooden box, nor of that dispersed during the experiment. | ||
| "Total quantity of ice-cold water which, with the heat actually generated by friction, and accumulated in two hours and thirty minutes, might have been heated 180°, or made to boil. | 26.58 |
"But no circumstances can be imagined in which this method of procuring heat would not be disadvantageous; for more heat might be obtained by using the fodder necessary for the support of a horse as fuel. . . .
"By meditating on the results of all these experiments, we are naturally brought to that great question which has so often been the subject of speculation among philosophers, namely:
"What is heat? Is there any such thing as an igneous fluid? Is there anything that can with propriety be called caloric?
"We have seen that a very considerable quantity of heat may be excited in the friction of two metallic surfaces, and given off in a constant stream or flux in all directions without interruption or intermission, and without any signs of diminution or exhaustion.
"Whence came the heat which was continually given off in this manner in the foregoing experiments? Was it furnished by the small particles of metal, detached from the larger solid masses, on their being rubbed together? This, as we have already seen, could not possibly have been the case.
"Was it furnished by the air? This could not have been the case; for, in three of the experiments, the machinery being kept immersed in water, the access of the air of the atmosphere was completely prevented.
"Was it furnished by the water which surrounded the machinery? That this could not have been the case is evident: 1. Because this water was continually receiving heat from the machinery, and could not at the same time be giving to and receiving heat from the same body; and, 2. Because there was no chemical decomposition of any part of this water. Had any such decomposition taken place (which, indeed, could not reasonably have been expected), one of its
