THE AFRICAN IN THE UNITED STATES.
435
consideration that the census for 1880 was made under a new and improved law, and by enumerators who, as a body, were thoroughly qualified, ought to be considered as settling the matter, and placing the error at the door of the preceding census. It is to be observed, in passing, that if the error, as practically it does, bears equally against white and black alike, however the figures for the two races, taken absolutely, may vary from the truth, yet are they still a proximate guide, considered relatively, to the comparative rate of increase of the races.
| (1.)
|
(2.)
|
| United States.
|
Alabama.
|
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
| 1830 to 1840
|
34
|
per cent.
|
23
|
per cent.
|
1830 to 1840
|
76
|
per cent.
|
114
|
per cent.
|
| 1840 to 1850
|
38
|
"
|
23
|
"
|
1840 to 1850
|
21
|
"
|
35
|
"
|
| 1850 to 1860
|
38
|
"
|
22
|
"
|
1850 to 1860
|
21
|
"
|
27
|
"
|
| 1860 to 1870
|
24
|
"
|
9
|
"
|
1860 to 1870
|
1
|
" loss.
|
8
|
"
|
| 1870 to 1880
|
29
|
"
|
34
|
"
|
1870 to 1880
|
27
|
"
|
26
|
"
|
| (3.)
|
(4.)
|
| Arkansas.
|
South Carolina.
|
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
| 1830 to 1840
|
206
|
per cent.
|
332
|
per cent
|
1830 to 1840
|
12
|
per cent.
|
3
|
per cent.
|
| 1840 to 1850
|
111
|
"
|
133
|
"
|
1840 to 1850
|
6
|
"
|
17
|
"
|
| 1850 to 1860
|
98
|
"
|
133
|
"
|
1850 to 1860
|
6
|
"
|
5
|
"
|
| 1860 to 1870
|
11
|
"
|
9
|
"
|
1860 to 1870
|
12
|
"loss
|
1
|
"loss
|
| 1870 to 1880
|
63
|
"
|
72
|
"
|
1880 to 1880
|
35
|
"
|
45
|
"
|
| (5.)
|
(6.)
|
| North Carolina.
|
Mississippi.
|
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
| 1830 to 1840
|
2
|
per cent.
|
1
|
per cent
|
1830 to 1840
|
155
|
per cent.
|
197
|
per cent.
|
| 1840 to 1850
|
14
|
"
|
17
|
"
|
1840 to 1850
|
64
|
"
|
57
|
"
|
| 1850 to 1860
|
14
|
"
|
14
|
"
|
1850 to 1860
|
19
|
"
|
40
|
"
|
| 1860 to 1870
|
7
|
"
|
8
|
"
|
1860 to 1870
|
8
|
"
|
112
|
"
|
| 1870 to 1880
|
28
|
"
|
36
|
"
|
1880 to 1880
|
25
|
"
|
47
|
"
|
| (7.)
|
(8.)
|
| Louisiana.
|
Georgia.
|
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
|
White.
|
Black.
|
| 1830 to 1840
|
77
|
per cent.
|
53
|
per cent
|
1830 to 1840
|
37
|
per cent.
|
28
|
per cent.
|
| 1840 to 1850
|
61
|
"
|
35
|
"
|
1840 to 1850
|
27
|
"
|
35
|
"
|
| 1850 to 1860
|
39
|
"
|
33
|
"
|
1850 to 1860
|
13
|
"
|
20
|
"
|
| 1860 to 1870
|
1
|
"
|
4
|
"
|
1860 to 1870
|
8
|
"
|
17
|
"
|
| 1870 to 1880
|
25
|
"
|
33
|
"
|
1880 to 1880
|
27
|
"
|
32
|
"
|
It is estimated that five per cent from the rate of gain for the entire Southern blacks, as by census for 1880, is a fair allowance for this error, making their real gain about thirty per cent. Yet, as an obvious consideration points to the conclusion that the blacks will for the future develop in the South under conditions more and more favorable, it is not unreasonable to think that, in subsequent decades, this five per cent will be regained.
That consideration is the more complete adjustment of the black man to his new surroundings. His comparative helplessness imme-
