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of women, and such principles are inculcated as may induce women to take care of their health, and make themselves fit for the proper and effective accomplishment of the purpose around which the objects of their life center.

An Essay on the Philosophy of Self-Consciousness. By P. F. Fitzgerald. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co. Pp. 154. Price, $1.25.

In this essay the author has aimed to give an analysis of reason and the rationale of love. He believes he has made three discoveries regarding the intellectual, the affectional, and the moral nature of man: 1. "That the substance or hypostasis of thought is Being—the Being of the individual Ego being in every case the stand-point of rational judgment"; 2. That the affections or emotions are essentially correlative and reciprocal in their nature—or that attraction in the spiritual world is reciprocal and complementary; and, 3. That in the rational being, "joy of life is only completely attained through realization of the ideals of feeling, thought, and will."

Hand-Book of Tree-Planting. By Nathaniel H. Egleston. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 126. Price, 75 cents.

The author of this "Hand-Book" will be remembered by the readers of "The Popular Science Monthly" as having contributed to it, in 1881, 1882, and 1883, a number of valuable articles on subjects relating to forestry. The present book relates to the same subject, that is, to the planting of trees in masses, and aims to meet the wants of land-owners, more especially of those whose lot is cast in portions of the country destitute, or nearly so, of trees, and who feel the need of them, but are inexperienced in their cultivation. It is divided into four parts—"Why to plant; when to plant; what to plant; and how to plant"—the questions coming under each of which heads are answered clearly and in a plain, practical, common-sense manner. The treatise, besides having the qualities just referred to, is lucid and simple in its literary construction, brief, interesting, instructive, comprehensive, and withal convenient in size for the hand or the pocket; and it offers a complete exemplification of what a manual on any practical subject for plain men ought to be.

Protection to Young Industries, as applied in the United States. A Study in Economic History. By F. W. Taussig, Ph. D., Instructor in Political Economy in Harvard College. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 72.

This instructive monograph on one of the most prominent points in the political economy of protection was originally written in competition for the Toppan Prize in Political Science at Harvard University, and received that prize in October, 1882. The writer carefully examines the history of the cotton, the woolen, and the iron manufactures of this country, with reference to the influences that have been operative in their development, and the result is thus given in his concluding remarks.

The three most important branches of industry to which protection has been applied have now been examined. It has appeared that the introduction of the cotton-manufacture took place before the era of protection, and that—looking aside from the anomalous conditions of the period of restriction from 1803 to 1815—its early progress, though perhaps somewhat promoted by the minimum duty of 1816, would hardly have been much retarded in the absence of protective duties. The manufacture of woolens received little direct assistance before it reached that stage at which it could maintain itself without help, if it were for the advantage of the country that it should be maintained. In the iron-manufacture, twenty years of heavy protection did not materially alter the proportion of home and foreign supply, and brought about no change in methods of production. It is not possible, and hardly necessary, to carry the inquiry much further. Detailed accounts can not be obtained of other industries to which protection was applied; but, so far as can be seen, the same course of events took place in them as in the three whose history we have followed. The same general conditions affected the manufactures of glass, of earthenware, of paper, of cotton-bagging, sail-duck, cordage, and other articles to which protection was applied during this time with more or less vigor. We may assume that the same general effect, or absence of effect, followed in these as in the other cases.

Federal Taxation. By Samuel Barnett. Pp. 45. Richmond, Va.: Andrew Baptist & Co.

This pamphlet is made up of a collection of editorials which appeared in the "Atlanta Constitution." They consist of independent criticisms of our national policy in regard to taxation, expressed with great force and free-