a book covering only a portion of psychology in giving us his metaphysics as if established by psychology generally. His work presents only a part of the data, and until he has gone over the whole ground he has no business with ultimate questions. The topic, "The Nature of Mind," is indeed interesting, but it is greatly to be regretted that Professer Ladd could not restrain himself from discussing it until the opportunity was afforded in some clearly appropriate connection.
A Treatise on Surveying, comprising the Theory and the Practice. By William M. Gillespie, LL. D. Revised and enlarged by Cady Staley, Ph. D. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 549 and 127. Price, $3.50.
Professor Gillespie's standard treatise on "Land-Surveying," published in 1855, was prepared with a view of producing "a very plain introduction to the subject, easy to be mastered by the young scholar or the practical man of little previous acquirement, the only prerequisites being arithmetic and a little geometry; and at the same time to make the instruction of such a character as to lay a foundation broad enough and deep enough for the most complete superstructure which the professional student may subsequently wish to raise upon it." A second work, on "Leveling and Higher Surveying," was left unfinished at the author's death, but was completed by the editor of the present volume, and published in 1870. These two works have now been revised and combined by Dr. Staley. The general divisions of the resulting treatise are land surveying, leveling, topography, triangular surveying, hydrographical surveying, and mining surveying. Somewhat more than half of the body of the volume is occupied with the first of these divisions, comprising minute descriptions of instruments, directions for making measurements, keeping field-notes, platting surveys, and practical instruction in laying out, parting off, and dividing up land, including the methods used in surveying the public lands of the United States. In the section on leveling, spirit-leveling receives most attention, and brief accounts are given of the methods of trigonometric and barometric leveling. Under topography, modes of topographical representation are abundantly illustrated, and the use of the plane table is described.
An Appendix is devoted to a synopsis of plane trigonometry, and another takes up certain theorems relating to transversals, harmonic division, and the complete quadrilateral. Following these are an analytical table of contents, traverse-tables, tables of chords, logarithms, logarithmic sines, etc., and natural sines, etc., a stadia table, and a table of refraction in declination. The volume contains abundant illustrations of instruments and operations, and an isogonic chart of the United States for 1885-'86.
Social Studies. By R. Heber Newton, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 380. Price, $1.
This is a collection of essays on social questions, some of which appeared originally as articles in periodicals, while others were prepared for special occasions; thus, three of them were read before the Church Congress; one before the United States Senate Committee on Education and Labor; one at the annual banquet of the Chamber of Commerce; and one before the Free Religious Association. The titles are: "A Bird's Eye View of the Labor Question"; "The Story of Co-operative Production and Co-operative Credit in the United States"; "Is the State just to the Workingman?" "Old-Time Guilds and Modern Commercial Associations"; "The Prevention of Intemperance"; "Moral Education in the Public Schools"; "The Free Kindergarten in Church Work"; "The Religious Aspect of Socialism"; and "Communism."
The Westminster Review. Vol. 128, No. 1. April, 1887. London. Trübner & Co. New York: The International News Company.
This Review, now in its sixty-fourth year, with the current number makes a new departure. Henceforth it will be issued monthly, and various changes will be made in the direction of suffusing the work with fresh vigor and adapting it to altered conditions of the reading public. Among other things it promises to "give special attention to the literature of science," and that "the exposition and discussion of scientific subjects (which, in comparison with the whole of the other departments of intellect-
