These statistics demonstrate the extreme unhealthfulness of New York during the summer, and the vast proportion of children who perish from the fatal agencies which are then brought into activity. It is a matter of great public concern to determine the nature of the unhygienic conditions on which this excessive mortality depends, and thus discover the proper remedial measures.
As high temperature is the distinguishing feature of the summer months, we very naturally conclude that excessive heat is a most important factor, if not the sole cause, of the diseases so fatal to human life at this period. A close comparison of the temperature and mortality records of any summer in this city demonstrates the direct relation
| Week ending | Total diarrhœal diseases. |
Diarrhœal diseases un- der five yrs. |
Mean tempera- ture (Fahren- heit). |
Maximum temperature (Fahrenheit). |
Minimum temperature (Fahrenheit). |
| May 7th | 10 | 8 | 52.4° | 42° | 47° |
| May 14th | 20 | 17 | 55.5° | 77° | 40° |
| May 21st | 14 | 12 | 63.3° | 86° | 52° |
| May 28th | 22 | 19 | 60.9° | 70° | 56° |
| June 4th | 18 | 16 | 65.8° | 76° | 54° |
| June 11th | 26 | 20 | 71.6° | 86° | 58° |
| June 18th | 36 | 32 | 73.0° | 89° | 59° |
| June 25th | 74 | 69 | 69.3° | 94° | 54° |
| July 2d | 170 | 164 | 78.6° | 94° | 67° |
| July 9th | 399 | 382 | 77.4° | 100° | 61° |
| July 16th | 330 | 321 | 71.1° | 91° | 57° |
| July 23d | 388 | 356 | 77.4° | 91° | 67° |
| July 30th | 380 | 353 | 78.5° | 95° | 70° |
| August 6th | 380 | 353 | 78.8° | 92° | 67° |
| August 13th | 342 | 306 | 73.9° | 90° | 65° |
| August 20th | 290 | 261 | 74.8° | 89° | 64° |
| August 27th | 268 | 246 | 76.6° | 93° | 63° |
| September 3d | 289 | 256 | 79.0° | 93° | 59° |
| September 10th | 283 | 255 | 74.0° | 92° | 58° |
| September 17th | 179 | 158 | 67.3° | 85° | 52° |
| September 24th | 193 | 167 | 68.7° | 90° | 52° |
| October 1st | 132 | 117 | 66.5° | 80° | 54° |
| October 8th | 90 | 78 | 69.6° | 81° | 53° |
| October 15th | 71 | 58 | 60.1° | 74° | 49° |
| October 22d | 54 | 42 | 55.9° | 71° | 44° |
| October 29th | 39 | 32 | 53.9° | 67° | 41° |
of the former to the latter. For illustration, we will take the records of the Health Department during the past summer, selecting diarrhœal diseases for comparison, as they prevail and are most fatal at that season of the year. The table gives the total mortality from these diseases and the mortality from those diseases of children under five years of age. To the four months, June, July, August, and September, are added May and October, for the purpose of showing the gradual increase of the mortality from these diseases as the hot weather approaches and its decline as the hot weather abates.
Again, if we compare the temperature and mortality records for a series of days instead of months, it will be noticed that the mortality
