Eleanor A. Ormerod, the English entomologist; and Baron Adolf Erik Nordenskjöld, the Swedish arctic explorer and naturalist.
Professor Rudolf Virchow will celebrate his eightieth birthday on October 13; a research fund is being collected in his honor and he has been made a knight of the Prussian order 'pour le mérite,' this mark of imperial favor having been long delayed, apparently owing to his liberal politics.—Professor A. W. Rücker, the physicist, has been elected principal of the newly organized London University.—Two of the prizes created by the will of Alfred Nobel will be awarded to Dr. Niels R. Finsen of Denmark, for discovering the light treatment for lupus, and to Professor I. P. Pavlov, the Russian physiologist, for his researches in nutrition.—Dr. Patrick Manson has been awarded the Stewart prize of the British Medical Association for his researches in pathology and tropical diseases.
Sir John Murray has returned from a six months' expedition to Christmas Island, during which he crossed the island from end to end, the first occasion on which it has been traversed.—Prof. Frederick W. Starr, of the University of Chicago, has completed a four months' expedition among the Mexican Indians.—Professor Engler, director of the Botanical Garden at Berlin, has visited the Canary Islands, in order to study their flora.—Professor C. L. Bristol, of New York University, has left New York to direct the Biological Station at Bermuda.
An international botanical association had its first meeting at Geneva beginning on August 7.—The Fifth International Congress of Criminal Anthropology will be held in Amsterdam from September 9 to 14, 1901.—The summer session of the American Mathematical Society was held at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., during the week beginning on August 19.—The American Forestry Association will hold its meeting in affiliation with the American Association at Denver on August 27, 28 and 29.
According to the census taken on March 31, the population of England and Wales was 32,525,716, being an increase of 12.15 per cent, in ten years. The increase in the preceding decennium was 11.65. The percentage increase of London was only 7.3 per cent., its population now being 4,536,034. There has, however, been a large increase in the surrounding country, the population of Middlesex having nearly doubled. The population of Ireland is 4,456,546 and of Scotland 4,471,957. The change in the population of Ireland and of Scotland in the past sixty years is remarkable:
| Year. | Ireland. | Scotland. |
| 1841 | 8,197,000 | 2,620,000 |
| 1851 | 6,574,271 | 2,888,742 |
| 1861 | 5,798,967 | 3,062,294 |
| 1871 | 5,412,377 | 3,360,018 |
| 1881 | 5,174,836 | 3,735,573 |
| 1891 | 4,704,750 | 4,025,647 |
| 1901 | 4,456,546 | 4,471,957 |
