Table 5.
Final totals, all students. 895 cases (33 per cent.).
| Topic. | Average. | Mean Group Variation. | Extreme Individual Variation. | ||
| Absolute. | Rel.(Per Cent.). | Highest. | Lowest. | ||
| Lectures | 2.17 | 0.45 | 21 | 4.00 | 0.00 |
| Laboratories | 1.70 | 1.14 | 67 | 9.50 | 0.00 |
| Shop and field | 0.94 | 1.31 | 139 | 10.33 | 0.00 |
| Outside study | 4.19 | 0.82 | 20 | 12.67 | 0.00 |
| (Univ. work) | (9.00) | (0.88) | (10) | — | — |
| Amusement | 2.23 | 0.25 | 12 | 6.87 | 0.00 |
| Physical exercise | 1.72 | 0.31 | 18 | 5.50 | 0.00 |
| Meals | 1.40 | 0.11 | 8 | 3.50 | 0.47 |
| Sleep | 7.90 | 0.21 | 3 | 10.00 | 5.50 |
| Unclassified | 1.36 | 0.44 | 32 | 7.43 | 0.00 |
| Support | 0.39 | 0.31 | 81 | 7.33 | 0.00 |
It is evident that eleven hours is much more than the time given to work by the average student, and in my opinion, much higher than can be expected. For, judging from what I know of the conditions in other universities, especially in the east, I believe that Cornell students devote more serious and longer attention to their studies than the students of most institutions of learning, and I should certainly be surprised if further investigations of this sort should reveal institutions of a comparable type whose students average more than nine hours daily in university work.
Comparing our results still further with the hours recommended, it will be seen that the eight hour period uniformly thought desirable for sleep is very closely approximated.
The time given by the average student to amusement, however, is about a quarter of an hour longer than that suggested by President Eliot and an hour and a quarter longer than that suggested by President Schurman. This may be due in part to the fact that our term 'amusement' includes letter writing and general reading not directly connected with university work—both items that might possibly be regarded as 'work' in President Schurman's use of the term. On the other hand, the discrepancy is not uniformly present, for we ma} note, by reference to Table 3, that less than two hours of amusement is indicated for students in the medical colleges and for the group of graduate and special students.
In contrast to amusement, the time given by the average student to all forms of physical exercise, including military drill, walking, skating, gymnasium, out-door games and athletics is less than that recommended. This is true of every course, of every class and of both sexes.
Precisely the same thing may be said of meals, the period being uniformly less than that assigned—about half an hour less than the figures of President Schurman and an hour and a half less than those of President Eliot. We shall return to this point in a moment.
