Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 69.djvu/117

feet pertains to every point near the fault line, but it is not supposable that the same dislocation affects points at a great distance from the fault. At some remote point, for example Z, in the direction B'C, there was no displacement. If B'C and FG were both produced in that direction they would be found not precisely parallel, but would eventually coalesce. How far the undisturbed region Z may be from the fault line is a matter of pure conjecture, but we may plausibly assume that the transverse dimension of the area affected by the displacement Fig. 14. diagrammatic plan of a Portion of the Earthquake Fault, illustrating changes in geographic position. is of the same order of magnitude as the length of the fault line and is measured by hundreds of miles. If this assumption is correct, then throughout a great region in central and northern California all points have experienced a change in geographic position, the change in the vicinity of the fault being of about five feet and the amount diminishing toward the northeast and south-west. If the only determinations of latitude and longitude within this area were of the ordinary approximate character, it would be impossible to measure the changes in geographic position theoretically accomplished by the fault; but it fortunately happens that the region is traversed by two belts of the triangulation of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, one being a system of triangles for the control of the coastal map work, and the other the elaborately measured transcontinental belt. The region thus contains several scores of points whose coordinates have been determined with a high degree of precision, and it is possible by the redetermination of these positions to measure the dislocations which have taken place in connection with the earthquake. As all topographic and hydrographic maps of California are dependent for their latitudes and longitudes upon the positions given by this triangulation, and as there is reason to believe that many of these positions have been disturbed by a measurable amount, the superintendent of the Coast Survey has determined to repeat so much of the work of triangulation as may be necessary in order to redetermine the geographic positions. And it is proposed to carry this work far enough eastward to connect the redetermined points with stations that may safely be regarded as quite beyond the effect of the recent fault. When this has been accomplished much light will be thrown on the nature and distribution of the strains which were relieved by the dislocation along the fault line, and it will