ing-utensilsing-utensils, as they are usually the last things to go on the sledge and the first things to come off it.
Dog-sledges are of a smaller size, and the different fittings and gear are therefore proportionately small. The driver in a packed sledge usually walks behind, holding on to the back of the sledge with one hand while with the other he uses the whip, which latter has to be kept in constant use.
A most important auxiliary in sledge-traveling, and one which must not be omitted, is the sledge-sail; by its aid, with a fair wind, the men are greatly relieved in their laborious work of dragging. The mast is extemporized out of two tent-poles—which should, if possible, be of bamboo—used as sheers, the heads being connected by an iron band, on which is stropped the block through which the halyards are rove; the heels of the sheers are stepped into a thimble on each side of the sailing-thwart, which is placed across the sledge on top of every thing, immediately over the midship-upright, and is lashed down to the bearers. The object of having it so high is that a loftier sail may be spread. The tent-ropes are used as guys, and a hand lead-line as halyards. Each sledge should have what is called a "store-bag," made of light duck, and containing sail and sewing-needles, a palm, twine, thread, a ball of spun-yarn, two yards of green or blue crape, awls, waxed ends, lucifer matches, record-cases, tent-brush, clothes-brush, and spare wicks for cooking-lamps.
With an eight-man sledge detached for an extended journey of seven weeks the total weight of the laden sledge would be 1,646 pounds, being 235 pounds for each of the seven men to drag. If all the circumstances are favorable, Sir Leopold McClintock is of opinion that this is not too much; of course the men must be picked and well trained to sledge-work before setting out. Under no circumstances should this weight be exceeded, or even maintained for more than a very few days. When sledges are traveling in company, one gun each and much less ammunition will suffice. The sledges being prepared and every thing in readiness for a start, the men are assembled dressed in the following manner:
| 1 Flannel or wove woolen frock. | spare. |
| 1 Thick Guernsey frock. | |
| 1 Loose serge or cloth frock | 1 |
| 1 Pair of good duffle (or box cloth lined with flannel) trousers. | |
| 1 Light close duck jumper and trousers as "overalls." | |
| 1 Pair of worsted stockings | 1 |
| 1 Pair of wove woolen drawers | 1 |
| 1 Pair of blanket feet-wrappers | 2 |
| 1 Pair of wadmill boot-hose | 1 |
| 1 Pair of moccasins | 3 |
| 1 Pair of mitts | 2 |
| 1 Welsh wig | 1 |
| 1 Cap, veil, and face-cover. | |
| 1 Comforter. | |
| 1 Pair of colored spectacles. | |
| 1 Pair of canvas boots | 2 |
