thoritative by any one congress to be regarded as such until changed by a succeeding congress. By this means a general rule would be established which would govern the use of atomic weights both industrially and scientifically. The eighth international congress strongly advocated and recommended the adoption of standard governmental examination of ores, metals and fuels. This is highly important for the avoidance, or at least for the decision, of disputes as to the relative richness of the various deposits, and also for the proper and consistent utilization of national resources in such materials.
For the ninth congress will remain the question as to the proper placing of the international delegates. Then the proper assignment of the papers to be read is to be considered, so as to determine and define the priority of one nation over another in regard to recent scientific or industrial discoveries in any one of the hundred or more special fields of experiment and research so ably exploited by the industrial giants who make up a congress such as the eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry, which has just closed with absolute harmony. This was due in great measure to the splendid leadership of the retired president, Dr. William H. Nichols, who was the cornerstone as well as the central figure of this congress, and who with remarkable tact and ability steered the ship of this great congress safely into the port of the ninth international congress.[1]
The following is a list of all the International Congresses of Applied Chemistry:
| No. of Congress | Date | Place | |
| First | 1894 | Brussels | |
| Second | 1896 | Paris | |
| Third | 1898 | Vienna | |
| Fourth | 1900 | Paris | |
| Fifth | 1903 | Berlin | |
| Sixth | 1906 | Rome | |
| Seventh | 1909 | London | |
| Eighth | 1912 | New York City | |
| Ninth | 1915 | St. Petersburg | |
- ↑ For a further discussion of the chemical and other international congresses, see "International Congresses," by Dr. Charles Baskerville, Science, N. S., Vol. XXXII, No. 828, pp. 652-659, November 11, 1910.
