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��Popular Science Moni/ih/
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��Why DofS Sap Rise in a Tree Against the Pull of Gravity ?
NOT every b( )tl y knows that solutions of two dilierent substan.'es placed on opposite sides of a membrane or a ])ulp make diligent efl'orts lo equalize their density.
For examjile, take a glass tube, cut off the lower end of a potato, and peel the remainder for about one-third of its length. Bore a one-inch hole through two-thirds of the potato and in the end fit a cork. Bend a glass tube into L-shajie, put vaseline on the short arm and insert it in a small hole bored in the side of the potato lo reach the big hole, l-'ill the interior of the potato with sugar colored with ink, fasten the cork and glass tubing tight. Place this apparatus in a dish of water. The water. Hows through the pulp of the potato and on reaching llu- iliin membrane separating it from the colored liquid it dilTiises more f|iiickl>' through the colored li(|uitl th latter docs through it, becii it is less diiise than th colored liquid. This causes the wa t e r to push the denser liquid upward into the tube. This action, together with ca- pillary attraction iswhat causes the sap to rise.
��A Time-Saving "Safety-First" Tool for Dynamite Workers
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��An experiment with potatoes to illustrate the principle involved in the rising of sap in a tree
��M.\Ki: -SHIFT methods of crimp- ing tKiianiite caps and connecting the cap and fuse to the cartridge have led lo scores of severe accidents and many fatalities in land- clearing work. A com- liination tool, which will cut and slit the fuse, crimp the cajj on ihe fuse and finally punch clean- cut holes in the cartridge for the secure fastening of the cap anil fuse to the cartridgehasbeende\ised by \'. D. Li\ingston, land clearing tlemonstra- lor, Wisconsin t'ollege of Agriculture.
The arrangement for
slitting the end of the
fuse exposes a pocket of
powder which will ignite
quickly. The crimping
(IcN'ice at the center of
the tool dcK-s a neat job
antl a strong one. When
properly used to crimp a cap to the fuse,
il requires a twenty-five pound pull to
remove it. One of the handles has a
d eiul, designed for pimch-
thc holes in the dynamite
cartridge. The apjiaratus
is intended to saw time
as well as to insure the
safety of the workers.
A combinntion tool which will cut and slit the fuse, crimp the cap and punch dean holes in the cartridge
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