Portland and Phoenix. On Second street there were the De France and Rich-
mond House. On Third street there were the Burton House, Holton House
and the Nicolai. There were besides these thirty boarding houses, twenty-one
restaurants, nine coffee houses and three oyster saloons. There were one hun-
dred and three liquor saloons, and ten wholesale liquor houses. There were
twenty-four butchers. The wholesale grocers were seven, and the retail gro-
cers fifty-three. The physicians now numbered sixty-seven, the attorneys sixty-
three and editors thirty-four. There were seven sawmills, three flour mills,
three box factories, one brass foundry, two soap works, one stove manufactory,
four foundries, six iron works, four ferries plying on the river, fifty-seven con-
tractors and builders, three wholesale and twenty retail dealers in dry-goods,
seven dealers in crockery and glassware, three wholesale and thirteen retail
clothiers, three wholesale and retail dealers in boots and shoes, and thirty-four
commission merchants. Commerce indicated about its previous volume. By
the United States census of 1880, the population was found to be 17,578. By
the directory of that year it was estimated at twenty-one thousand six hundred.
During 1881 there were spent about one million one hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars in building. The most important of these were the following: The iron and brick building of W. S. Ladd, at the corner of First and Columbia, costing forty thousand dollars ; the Portland Seamens' Bethel, on the corner of Third and D streets, under the management of Chaplain Stubbs, twelve thou- sand dollars; G. W. Jones block, on block 176 in Couch's addition; G. W. Weid- ler's residence, on the corner of L and Eighteenth street, costing sixteen thou- sand dollars ; C. P. Bacon's residence on the same block as above, ten thousand dollars ; residence of W. N. Wallace, on Tenth and Salmoij streets ; residence of Sylvester Pennoyer, on the corner of West Park and Madison streets ; the three-story brick of J. C. Ainsworth on Third and Oak streets, costing eighty- five thousand dollars ; the Cosmopolitan block of Reed & Failing on the corner of Second and Stark; and the residence of J. N. Dolph on Fifth and Jefferson, were the most prominent structures of the year. The Columbia dock was built by C. H. Lewis at the foot of N street, at the cost of twenty-five thousand dol- lars. Commercial statistics showed an increasing volume of business. Ne\\» interests in the mines of Idaho and southern Oregon began to be felt by the capitalists of Portland, and with the prospects of railroad connections to these points, they inaugurated the operations which have since attained such propor- tions. Manufacturing interests began to concentrate in and about Portland. Weilder's sawmill with a capacity of one hundred and fifty thousand feet per day, led all in the volume of business. Besides lumber, the manufacture of fur- niture, of boots and shoes, of wagons, of iron and steel implements, and preser- vation of fruit assumed appreciable proportions.
In 1882, the extent of improvements rose to an astonishing degree, a total of two million nine hundred and seventy-four thousand six hundred dollars being spent in Portland, East Portland and Albina. The more noticeable of these buildings were the four-story brick structure of Dolph & Thompson, on Front street between Pine and Ash, with dock in the rear, costing two hun- dred thousand dollars ; the First National Bank building on the corner of First and Washington, one hundred and twenty-five thousand ; the three-story brick block of Allen & Lewis, on North Front street, one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars ; the Calvary Presbyterian church on the corner of Ninth and Clay streets, thirty-six thousand dollars; the North Pacific Manufacturing Co.'s plant and improvements, fifty thousand dollars; the Couch school house on Six- teenth street between K and L, thirty-five thousand dollars ; the Failing school house on First street between Hooker and Porter, thirty-five thousand dollars ; the railroad docks, coal bunkers, etc., at Albina, one hundred and eighty thou- sand dollars; the residence of Bishop B. W. Morris, corner of Nineteenth and E streets, twelve thousand dollars ; residence of R. B. Knapp on Sixteenth and E streets, thirty-five thousand dollars; residence of Capt. G. H. Flanders on
