40
kōṇam,[1] the spear, īṭṭi,[2] iṭṭi,[3] kaḻukkaḍai,[4] kaḻumuḷ,[5] the ⟨lance⟩ and the javelin, vēl,[6] the implement of Murugan, eyil,[7] araṇam,⟨[8]⟩ ehkam,[9] [from ehku,[10] (1) sharp, (2) steel], kundam,[11] ñāṅgar,[12] ⟨the⟩ shorter ones being uḍambiḍi,[13] viṭṭeṛu,[14] etc.; the trident, kaḻu,[15] kāḻ,[16] the battle-axe maḻu,[17] kaṇichchi,[18] kundāli,[19] kuḷir,[20] taṇṇam;[21] the arrow, ambu,[22] kaṇai,[23] kadiram,[24] (allied to kadir,[25] ray, spike) kō,[26] kōl,[27] toḍai,[28] tōṇi,[29] pagaḻi,[30] paḷḷam,[31] puḍai,[32] vaṇḍu,[33] vāli;[34] the arrow being one of the earliest implements used by ⟨the⟩ Tamils in fighting with animals and men, has so many names; so to the string of the bow. nāṇ,[35] nāṇi,[36] pūram,[37] āvam,[38] toḍai,[39] nāri,⟨[40]⟩ narambu,[41] pūṭṭu,[42] the particular point where the arrow was place being called uḍu.[43] The defensive weapons were the shield kēḍagam,[44] kiḍugu,[45] kaḍagam,[46] taṭṭu,[47] pariśai,[48] palagai,⟨[49]⟩ maṛai,[50] vaṭtaṇam,[51] vaṭṭam;[52] those made of hide were distinguisher as tōl,[53] toṛparam,[54] and of cane as taṇḍai,[55] vaḷḷi.[56] A coat of ⟨armour⟩ was mēḻagam,[57] araṇi,[58] āśu,[59] kandaḷam,[60] gauntlets for protecting the hands, being called kaippuḍai.[61]
Musical Instruments
Drums and other musical instruments were used in warfare ⟨to⟩ inspire men and elephants (and later, horses) with martial ⟨enthusiasm.⟩ Musical instruments generally were called iyam,[62] vāttiyam,[63] ⟨vachchāyam⟩,[64] isaikkaruvi,[65] iśai,[66] being the general term for music. ⟨Musical⟩ instruments were divided into four kinds, toṛkaruvi,[67] those ⟨covered⟩ with leather, tuḷaikkaruvi,[68] those provided with holes, narambukkaruvi,[69] stringed instruments, and miḍaṛṛukkaruvi,[70] throat-instruments⟨.⟩ Seven names of notes belonging to Tamil are kural,[71] tuttam,[72] kaikkiḷai,[73] uḷai,[74] iḷi,[75] viḷari,[76] and tāram,[77] said to be produce respectively in the throat, the tongue, the palate, the head, the ⟨forehead⟩ the pharynx, and the nose. Perhaps these are the seven notes of ⟨the⟩ scale. The chief wind-instrument was the kuḻal,[78] the flute, of ⟨which⟩ there were many kinds, paṇai,[79] made of the bamboo, āmbal,[80] ⟨of⟩ reed, konṛai,[81] of the fruit of the Cassia perforated and mullai, of ⟨the⟩ creeper Jasminum trichotomum twisted to serve as a flute. ⟨There⟩ were also different forms of the trumpet, tārai,[82] kāḷam,[83] kākaḷam,[84] ammiyam,[85] śinnam,[86] the cornet or horn, kombu,[87] kōḍu,[88] iralai,[89] vayir.[90]
The chief stringed instrument was the yāḻ.[91] There were ⟨many⟩ varieties of it, one for each of the five regions. The number of string in the yāḻ varied from four to seven, sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one.
A yāḻ was composed of various parts: 'its pattal[92] (⟨probably⟩ sounding-board) had its edges depressed and its middle raised, like ⟨the⟩
- ↑ கோணம்.
- ↑ ஈட்டி.
- ↑ இட்டி.
- ↑ கழுக்கடை.
- ↑ கழுமுன்.
- ↑ வேல்.
- ↑ எயில்.
- ↑ அரணம்.
- ↑ எஃகம்.
- ↑ எஃகு.
- ↑ குந்தம்.
- ↑ ஞாங்கர்.
- ↑ உடம்பிடி.
- ↑ விட்டேறு.
- ↑ கழு.
- ↑ காழ்.
- ↑ மழு.
- ↑ கணிச்சி.
- ↑ குன்தாளி.
- ↑ குளிர்.
- ↑ தண்ணம்.
- ↑ அம்பு.
- ↑ கணை.
- ↑ கதிரம்.
- ↑ கதிர்.
- ↑ கோ.
- ↑ கோல்.
- ↑ தொடை.
- ↑ தோணி.
- ↑ பகழி.
- ↑ பள்ளம்.
- ↑ புடை.
- ↑ வண்டு.
- ↑ வாளி.
- ↑ நாண்.
- ↑ நாணி.
- ↑ பூரம்
- ↑ ஆவம்
- ↑ தொடை.
- ↑ நாரி
- ↑ நரம்பு.
- ↑ பூட்டு.
- ↑ உடு.
- ↑ கேடகம்.
- ↑ கிடுகு.
- ↑ கடகம்.
- ↑ தட்டு.
- ↑ பரிசை.
- ↑ பலகை.
- ↑ மறை.
- ↑ வட்டணம்.
- ↑ வட்டம்.
- ↑ தோழ்.
- ↑ தோற்பரம்.
- ↑ தண்டை.
- ↑ வள்ளி.
- ↑ மேழகம்.
- ↑ அரணி.
- ↑ ஆசு.
- ↑ கந்தளம்.
- ↑ கைப்புடை.
- ↑ இயம்.
- ↑ வாத்தியம்.
- ↑ வாச்சியம்.
- ↑ இசைக்கருவி.
- ↑ இசை.
- ↑ தோற்கருவி.
- ↑ துளைகருவி.
- ↑ நரம்புக்கருவி.
- ↑ மிடற்றுக்கருவி.
- ↑ குரல்ழ
- ↑ துத்தம்.
- ↑ கைக்கிளை.
- ↑ உளை.
- ↑ இளி.
- ↑ விளரி.
- ↑ தாரம்.
- ↑ குழல்.
- ↑ பனை.
- ↑ ஆம்பல்.
- ↑ கொன்றை.
- ↑ தாரை
- ↑ காளம்
- ↑ காகளம்.
- ↑ அம்மியம்.
- ↑ சின்னம்.
- ↑ கொம்பு.
- ↑ கோடு.
- ↑ இரலை.
- ↑ வயிர்.
- ↑ யாழ்.
- ↑ பத்தல்.
