422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 23,
so, I shall merely quote from my notes. At the east end of the section,
and near to the railway- station I unexpectedly found real pinel
in a deep side -cutting. Its surface was uneven, as if it had been
denuded. In one place the sand and fine shingle had found their
way through a narrow opening down into a cavity in the pinel. A
little further west the pinel gives place to sand and gravel, as in
Above the section represented in fig. 5 there is a great
Fig. 5. Section near Ulverstone.
A. Coarse gravel (lower part of middle drift). B. Pinel graduating into a bed of small pebbles with patches of sand, C. D. Yellowish-brown loam graduating into a thin pebble-bed eastwards. E. Bed of fine dark sand more or less laminated, depth unknown.
thickness of coarse and fine sand, coarse and fine gravel, and cleanly washed pebble-beds. Interstratification of coarse and fine materials, oblique lamination, and false-bedding are common. The beds are very much contorted, scarcely a layer being horizontal, many dipping at an angle of 45°, and some even at a higher angle. One boulder in the middle drift measured about 10 x 4 x 5 feet. It was quite angular and not striated, in this respect differing from the more or less rounded and striated boulders of the pinel. At the west end of the railway cutting, where the ground falls, a bed of pinel about 3 feet thick rises nearly to the surface. It is covered with ochreous stony earth, and underlain by irregular layers of sand. Further east the pinel splits into two beds, one running up, another down, with a wedge of sand between. The upper bed graduates into a fine sandy loam with patches of pebbles; the under bed dips beneath the level of the railway and is lost. About the middle of the cutting there are several thick beds of sand and gravel. One of the latter, about 20 feet thick, consists of an unstratified mass of stones firmly compacted. It seems to differ from pinel only in the stones having a matrix of sand instead of clay, in their being more rounded, and in their not being striated. So far as the complicated phenomena presented by the Ulverstone railway-section furnish indications of origin, I think that while the middle drift was accumulated by almost purely marine agency*, the pinel implies nothing further than glacial-marine conditions.
f. Contorted Sand and Gravel in other parts of the Furness Peninsula. —Sand and gravel more or less contorted may be found running from
- Not quite, as the transported blocks and contorted stratification can only
be explained by floating and stranding ice.
