distinct and shallow, and are marked feebly by a herring-bone pattern of the pellicular epitheca. The calice is circular in outline, and the wall is very thin. The columella is well-developed, and is essential and fascicular. The septa are in eight systems ; and there are three cycles in each system. The marginal ends of the septa correspond to the intercostal spaces. The primary septa are the largest, and reach the columella; the secondary and tertiary are often wavy, and end by an enlargement. The endotheca is moderately developed.
Height 1 inch. Breadth of calice 3/10 inch.
Locality. No. 9, three miles west of the river Gellibrand, South Australia.
31. Antillia lens, Duncan. Plate XX. fig. 12.
Coral in the shape of a cyclolite Fungia ; the base is circular in outline, nearly flat, the concavity being very slight. The epitheca is pellicular and faint. The costae are seen as radiating flat elevations, those corresponding to the smallest septa being the smallest. The margin of the base presents slightly exsert, equal processes, which are the septa. The upper surface of the coral is convex and nearly hemispherical, the depression for a small essential columella, formed by processes from the base and septal ends, being slight. The septa are in six systems of four cycles ; the primary and secondary septa are equal, and the tertiary are nearly as large ; those of the fourth and fifth orders are somewhat less : all are very convex superiorly, and less so and nearly straight externally. The laminae are thin, and are very strongly marked by sharp ridges, which, radiating from the basal part of each septum, are more or less parallel, and give at the free margin a laterally dentate appearance. This appearance is less marked in the smaller septa. There is often a paliform process on the larger septa near the columella ; and the terminations of the ridges give the dentate character to the free margin of the septa. The endotheca is scanty, stout, and inclined.
Breadth 3/10 inch. Height 2/10 inch.
Locality. Hamilton, Victoria, South Australia.
V. Remakes on the Species.
Caryophyllia viola is very unlike any European or American species of the genus. It differs equally from the fossil forms. It has a greater resemblance, as far as shape is concerned, to the Pleurocyathi of the German Oligocene than to any other corals ; but it is evidently a Caryophyllia with a papillary columella and tall pali. The formation of the columella separates it from the other species of the genus ; and it exhibits that aberration of unimportant structures which is so frequently observed in Australian Mollusca as well as Radiata. Hitherto no Caryphyllioe have been found in the coral- seas between the east coast of Africa and the west coast of America. The species C. viola is therefore a very characteristic fossil of a portion of the Cainozoic formation of South Australia.
The Trochocyathi are very unlike any other species of the genus in
