of Jamboli, Sliwno, Kisanlik, Sofia, Dubnitza, Radomir, &c., were occupied by freshwater lakes during the Posttertiary period.
12. The district of the Upper Morawa. — This river breaks through lofty crystalline mountain -groups (summits 6000 feet) between Wrangia and Leskowatz. Towards the south-east this group is connected with the crystalline " massif " of the Rhodopi, and consists of gneiss and mica- and clay-slates, with numerous local eruptions of trachyte and rhyolite, swelling into large masses, and connected with vast deposits of tuffs. [Count M.]
On the Occurrence of Fusulinae in the Alps. By Professor E. Suess.
[Proc. Imp. Geol. Inst. Vienna, January 4, 1870.]
MM. Foetterle and Peters distinguished three members in the Carboniferous formation of the Alps, namely, the Upper and Lower Carboniferous Limestones, and an intermediate member, sometimes containing anthracite, and composed of shales, sandstones, and conglomerates. Prof. Suess accepted this division, which agrees closely with that of the Carboniferous formation in Russia and a great part of North America ; and in a communication to the Vienna Academy of Sciences (16 January, 1869) he compared the Upper Carboniferous Limestone of the southern Alps to the Russian Fusulina- limestone. This view has now been confirmed by the discovery in the uppermost part of the Carboniferous series in the Canal-Thai at Uggowitz, of a minute broadly ovate fossil which agrees with the Fusulina robusta of Meek (Palaeont. of California, p. 3). The same species occurs also in the Upper Carboniferous Limestone in the Government of Wologda, where it is accompanied by the smaller elongated form known as Fusulina cylindrica (Fischer). In America two or three other species are distinguished.
Prof. Suess remarks upon the wide extension of this Fusulina- limestone, which he regards as forming, in the Northern hemisphere, an horizon comparable to that of the Nummulitic limestone of the Tertiary period. In America, it is known in California, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, and Ohio. Fusulina cylindrica occurs in Spain, in the Cantabrian chain, and F. robusta in the Southern Alps. In Russia the Limestones containing Fusulinoe have a wide extension ; and, from the uppermost beds of the Mountain-limestone in Armenia and Azerbeidjan, Abich has described a form, under the name of F. sphoerica, which Prof. Suess regards as identical with F. robusta (Meek). [W. S. D.]
On Ammonites. By Dr. W. Waagen.
Dr. W. Waagen has published (in Benecke's Palaeontologische Beitrage, Bd. ii. Heft. 2, 1869) a monographic essay on Ammonites subradiatus and the allied forms. He refers to the difficulty which exists, in certain cases, in the use of the binary system of nomencla-
