The Pectunculus and Perna of the Zwartkops Pliocene limestone, the Cardium, the large Natica, Loripes, Panopoea, and Akera of the more recent formations, are found spread over the same extensive areas as those previously mentioned. Of the recent flora the 'Encyclopaedia Britannica' gives the following: — "On the coast of Guinea and Congo the flora is intermediate between that of America and Asia. Species of Sorghum, Sterculia acuminata , the Kela-nut, and the Poison-bean of Calabar belong to this region." " In Chili there are many genera of Composites which are also represented in Australia and the Cape of Good Hope."
The most recent evidences of an ancient southern continent consist most probably in the wide-spread coral-reefs and islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, extending from the southern portions of the Red Sea and the northern part of the Mozambique Channel on the west, to the Island of Ducie in the extreme east, thus including the Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius, parts of the coast of Australia, New Caledonia, the Pacific Islands, to the before-mentioned Island of Ducie ; and on the north of the Equator the Caroline Islands, the Marianne and Philippine Islands, the Chinese Seas, along the
