judging from the carapace ; and besides the Irish specimen, ;a group of three hundred, found by Dr. Rankin and Mr. John Young in a coprolite from the Lower Limestone Shale, near Carluke, are the only known examples, except some doubtful specimens in the Poolvash limestone of the Isle of Man, and a cast in the Permian limestone of Sunderland. There are several other Carboniferous species of Cypridina. G. radiata has been found abundantly in the Coal-measure shales of Glasgow by Mr. John Young, and in the Coal-measures of North Staffordshire by Mr. Molyneux, F.G.S. Its carapace-valves possess a curious and characteristic stellate structure. G. Wrightiana and C. Brady ana are in Mr. J. Wright's collection from the Carboniferous Limestone of Cork. G. brevimentum is one of the most abundant of Carboniferous Cypridinoe ; it is somewhat oval, like C. primoeva, but has a much greater notch and sinus, and is rather variable in outline. It occurs in the Mountain Limestone of Belgium, Derbyshire, and Ireland, and probably in that of Caldy Island and the Isle of Man.
G. scoriacea, C. Grossartiana, C. Thomsoniana, C. Hunteriana, and C. Phillipsiana are from the Lower Carboniferous strata of West Scotland ; the last is not rare, and occurs at Cork also. C. pruniformis is both Irish and Belgian, from the same geological horizon as the foregoing. C. oblonga is from the Cork limestone. The foregoing Cypridinoe have oval-oblong valves notched anteriorly ; an allied group from the Mountain Limestone have ovate valves, more or less deeply notched in front, for which, having no recent analogues, we institute a new genus Cypridinella. These are common in the Mountain Limestone, and present seven species : — Cypridinella Cummingii from the Isle of Man ; G. superciliosa from Cork (Ireland), Settle (Yorkshire), and Bathgate (Linlithgowshire) ; G. clausa from Cork ; G. Bosqueti, Vise, Belgium ; G< Maccoyiana and C. vomer, Cork ; and G. monitor, Settle and Vise. The last is typical of the peculiarly produced carapace, with antero -ventral prow beneath the retiring sinus, a form which reminds one of the profile of such iron-clad naval "rams" as the "Monitor" and " Merrimac."
Carapace-valves like those of Cypridina, but impressed with a transverse dorsal or nuchal farrow, characterize the new genus Cypridinella, leading us towards the Gypridella of De Koninek (restricted) ; and equally abundant with the foregoing in the Mountain Limestone we have : — (1) Cypridinella clausa, Cork ; (2) C. Burrovii, abundant at Settle, and its variety longnoriensis, locally plentiful at Longnor, in Derbyshire ; (3) C. intermedia, Bathgate ; (4) C. elongata abundant at Vise, and its variety hibemica plentiful at Cork ; (5) G. galea, Cork ; (6) G. vomer, and varr. cultrata and uncinata, Cork ; (7) G. alta, Cork and Vise ; (8) G. Bosqueti, Vise.
An additional feature, namely a subcentral tubercle, is the basis for another generic division of the numerous Cypridinoid carapaces of the Mountain Limestone ; and amongst this group we have : — (1) Cypridella. Edwardsiana (Cypridina, De Koninck, 1841), which [has the general shape of Cypridinella and Cypridellina, but with a very small
