forms (U. arctos and U. ferox) in North America are merely varieties "or subspecies" of one species.
D. Orders Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Proboscidea, and Rodentia.
The remains of the Reindeer, Bison, and Irish Elk merit no special attention. It may, however, be remarked that of the teeth of the first of these, amounting to 200, eleven are milk-molars, two being deciduous molar 2. We may also observe the absence of the Stag, which is, as a rule, very rare in the Pleistocene caves of this country, while in the prehistoric deposits it is very abundant. In the early Pleistocene, as, for example, in the Lower Brickearths of the Thames Valley, the animal abounded in Britain. It retreated before the advance of the Reindeer as the temperature became lowered, and it did not again appear in force till after the close of the Pleistocene age.
Woolly Rhinoceros.—The adult Woolly Rhinoceros is represented by 145 teeth, the young by 108. All these but three were discovered near the cave-earth.
Horse.—Most of the teeth of Horses belong to adults; but 29 milk-teeth prove that the colts were also present.
On comparing the limb-bones with those of a Shetland pony and the racehorse "Orlando" in the College of Surgeons, it is evident that the animal to which they belonged was about the size of a stout cob-horse, being considerably larger than the former, and falling short of the stature of the latter. The horse, however, of the Pleistocene age varied considerably in size. In the museum at Lyons a skeleton, set up from the remains found at Solutré, is not taller than that of a middle-sized pony; and the remains found in the cave at Shandon are considered by Prof. Leith Adams, F.R.S., to belong to animals about 14 hands high.
