radiating source composed of several centigrms. of a radium salt, enclosed in a glass vessel, and placed at a distance of 1 m. from the sensitive plate, in front of which the object is placed. If the source is at a distance of 20 c.m. from the plate, the same result is obtained in one hour. In the immediate vicinity of the source of radiation, a sensitive plate is instantaneously acted upon.
Physiological Effects.
Radium rays exert an action upon the epidermis. This has been observed by M. Walkhoff and confirmed by M. Giesel, since also by MM. Becquerel and Curie.
If a celluloid or thin indiarubber capsule containing a very active salt of radium be placed upon the skin, and be left thus for some time, a redness is produced upon the skin, either immediately or at the end of some time, which is longer in proportion as the action is weaker; this red spot appears in the place which has been exposed to the action; the local change in the skin appears and acts like a burn. In certain cases a blister is formed. If the exposure was of long duration, an ulceration is produced which is long in healing. In one experiment, M. Curie caused a relatively weak radio-active product to act upon his arm for ten hours. The redness appeared immediately, and later a wound was caused which took four months to heal. The epidermis was locally destroyed, and formed again slowly and with difficulty, leaving a very marked scar. A radium burn with half-an-hour's exposure appeared after fifteen days, formed a blister and healed in fifteen days. Another burn, caused by an exposure of only eight minutes, occasioned a red spot which appeared two months after, its effect being quite insignificant.
The action of radium upon the skin can take place across metal screens, but with weakened effect.
The action of radium upon the skin has been investigated by Dr. Daulos, at the Hospital of S. Louis, as a process of treating certain affections of the skin, similar to the treatment with the Röntgen rays or the ultra-violet rays. In this respect radium gives encouraging results; the epidermis partially destroyed by the action of the radium is renewed in a healthy condition. The action of radium is more penetrating than that of light, and its use is easier than that of light or of Röntgen rays. The study of the conditions of application is of necessity rather lengthy, because the effect of the application does not at once appear.
M. Giesel has observed the action of radium upon plant
