about 200 volts). The electrometer case is placed in an inclined position as shown in the figure, the angle of inclination and the potential of the plate being adjusted to give the desired sensitiveness. The gold-leaf is initially connected to the case, and the microscope adjusted so that the gold-leaf is seen in the centre of the scale. For a given potential of the plate, the sensitiveness depends on the angle of tilt of the case. There is a certain critical inclination below which the gold-leaf is unstable. The most sensitive position lies just above the critical angle. In a particular experiment Wilson found that with an angle of tilt of 30° and with the plate at a constant potential of 207 volts, the gold-leaf, when raised to a potential of one volt above the case, moved over 200 scale divisions of the eyepiece, 54 divisions corresponding to one millimetre.
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Fig. 13.
In use, the rod R is connected with the external insulated system whose rise or fall of potential is to be measured. On account of the small capacity of the system and the large movement of the gold-leaf for a small difference of potential, the electroscope is able to measure extraordinarily minute currents. The apparatus is portable. If the plate P be connected to one pole of a dry pile the gold-leaf is stretched out towards the plate, and in this position can be carried without risk of injury.
