In the experiments previously recorded (sections 99 and 100), the ionization was measured between parallel plates several centimetres apart for a large area of radio-active material. Such an arrangement was necessary at the time at which the experiments were made, as only weak radio-active material was available. Measurable electrical effects could not then be obtained with narrow cones of rays and shallow ionization vessels, but this disadvantage is removed by the advent of pure radium bromide as a source of radiation.
The interesting experiments described by Bragg and Kleeman show that the theoretical curves are approximately realized in practice. The chief difficulty experienced in the analysis of the experimental results was due to the fact that radium is a complex radio-active substance and contains four radio-active products each of which gives rise to [Greek: alpha] rays which have different ranges. The general character of the results obtained from radium are shown graphically in Fig. 41, curves A, B, C, D.
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Fig. 41.
The ordinates represent the distance between the radium and the gauze of the testing vessel; the abscissae the current in the ionization vessel in arbitrary units. Five milligrams of radium bromide were used, and the depth of the ionization vessel was
