brass tube which could be exhausted rapidly to a low pressure by means of a Fleuss pump. The apparatus was placed in a strong uniform magnetic field parallel to the plane of the slit. The magnetic field was reversed every ten minutes, so that on developing the plate two narrow bands were observed, the distance between which represented twice the deviation from the normal of the pencil of rays by the magnetic field. The width of the band was found to be the same whether the magnetic field was applied or not, showing that the pencil of rays was homogeneous and consisted of α particles projected with the same velocity.
Fig. 106.
By placing the photographic plate at different distances from the slit it was found that the rays, after entering the magnetic field, described the arc of a circle of radius ρ equal to 42·0 cms. The strength of field H was 9470 C.G.S. units, so that the value of Hρ for the α particles expelled from radium C is 398,000. This is in good agreement with the maximum values of Hρ, previously found for radium rays (see section 92).
The electric deviation of the rays from radium C has not yet been accurately measured, but an approximate determination of e/m for the α particles can be obtained by assuming that the heating effect of radium C is a measure of the kinetic energy of the α particles expelled from it. We have seen in section 246 that the heating effect of the radium C present in one gram of radium in radio-active equilibrium is 31 gram calories per hour, which corresponds to an emission of energy of 3·6 × 10^5 ergs per second. Now when radio-active equilibrium is reached, the number of α particles expelled from radium C per second is equal to the number of α particles expelled per second from radium at its minimum activity. This number, n, is 6·2 × 10^{10} (section 93).
Then 1/2 mnv^2 = 3·6 × 10^5,
or [m/e]v^2 = 1·03 × 10^{16},
substituting the value of n, and the value of the ionic charge e. The value of e in this case has not been assumed, since n = i/e, where
