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expedition against Cadiz were in progress before Calais fell. After the fall of Calais, they were hastened to such good effect that the fleet sailed about six weeks later.^[1]

The ships of her majesty engaged in this important adventure were—

Ships.	Tons.	Men.	Guns.	Commanders.
Ark Royal	800	400	55	The Lord High Admiral, Joint-Adml. Captain Amyas Preston.
Repulse	700	350	50	Robert, Earl of Essex, Joint-Admiral. Captain William Monson.
Mere Honour	800	400	41	Lord Thomas Howard, Vice-Admiral.
Warspite	600	300	29	Sir Walter Ralegh, Rear-Admiral.
Lion	500	250	60	Sir Robert Southwell.
Rainbow	500	250	26	Sir Francis Vere.[2]
Nonpareil	500	250	56	Sir Robert Dudley.[3]
Vanguard	500	250	31	Sir John Wingfeild.
Mary Rose	600	250	39	Sir George Carew.[4]
Dreadnought	400	200	41	Alexander Clifford.[5]
Swiftsure	400	200	41	Robert Crosse.[5]
Quittance	200	108	25	Sir George Gifford.
Tremontana	140	70	21	— King.
Crane	200	108	24

with probably three more, making seventeen in all.^[6] With these, according to Speed, there were associated three vessels belonging to the Lord High Admiral, twenty-four belonging to the States-General, and armed merchantmen and victuallers sufficient to bring up the total number of sail to 150. De Jonge^[7] says that eighteen of the twenty-four Dutch vessels were of from 200 to 400 tons burden, and carried from sixteen to twenty-four guns apiece, with from 100

1. For the account of the expedition, Monson, Hakluyt, Purchas, Camden, the Appendix to Harris's Collection, Speed, Stow, and MSS. in the Cottonian Library, as well as various State Papers have been consulted.
2. Son of Geoffrey de Vere, and grandson of the fifteenth Earl of Oxford. He wrote 'The Commentaries of Sir F. Vere' (published in 1657). Dying in 1608, he was buried at Westminster.
3. Son of Robert, Earl of Leicester, by Douglas Howard, sister of the Lord High Admiral. He married as his third wife a daughter of Sir Robert Southwell. His great nautical work, 'L'Arcano del Mare,' was written while he was serving the Grand Duke of Tuscany, with whom he took refuge upon failing to establish his legitimacy, his father having denied the marriage.
4. Created Baron Carew, of Clopton, 1605, and later Earl of Totness; author of 'Hibernia Pacata.' He died Master of the Ordnance, March 27th, 1629.
5. Knighted for this service.
6. There were originally to be only twelve ships of her majesty, twelve ships of the City, and twenty ships of the Netherlands; but the force was considerably increased. Cal. of Hatfield MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.), pt. vi.
7. 'Nederlandsche Zeewesen,' i. 143.