When one prince sends a great officer to ask about another, it is called "a message of friendly inquiry." When there is a binding to mutual faith, it is called "a solemn declaration." When they use a victim, it is called "a covenant." 13. When a feudal prince is about to be introduced to the son of Heaven, he is announced as "your subject so-and-so, prince of such-and-such a state." He speaks of himself to the people as "the man of little virtue." 14. If he be in mourning (for his father), he is styled "the rightful eldest son, an orphan;" if he be taking part at a sacrifice in his ancestral temple, "the filial son, the prince of such-and-such a state, the prince so-and-so." If it be another sacrifice elsewhere, the style is, "so-and-so, prince of such-and-such a state, the distant descendant." 15. His death is described by the character hung (disappeared). In calling back (his spirit), they say, "Return, sir so-and-so." When he has been interred and (his son) is presented to the son of Heaven, the interview, (though special), is said to be "of the same kind as the usual interviews." The honorary title given to him is (also) said to be "after the usual fashion." 16. When one prince sends a message to another, the messenger speaks of himself as 'the ancient of my poor ruler."
5. 17. The demeanour of the son of Heaven should be characterised by majesty; of the princes, by gravity; of the Great officers, by a regulated composure; of (inferior) officers, by an easy alertness; and of the common people, by simplicity and humility.
6. 18. The partner of the son of Heaven is called
