he should do so." Thus all will understand the right course as between father and son. A second will make the same remark, and put the same question; and it will be replied, "While the ruler is alive, it is the rule that he should do so;" and thus all will understand the righteousness that should obtain between ruler and minister. To a third putting the same question it will be said, "He is giving to his elders what is due to their age;" and thus all will understand the observances that should rule between young and old. Therefore, while his father is alive, he is but a son; and, while his ruler is alive, he may be called merely a minister. Occupying aright the position of son and minister is the way in which he shows the honour due to a ruler and the affection due to a father. He is thus taught the duties between father and son, between ruler and minister, between old and young; and when he has become master of all these, the state will be well governed. The saying,
"Music's Director the foundation lays;
The Master this doth to perfection raise.
Let him but once the great and good be taught,
And all the states are to correctness brought,"
finds its application in the case of the heir-son.
23. So much for the duke of Kâu's going up by the eastern steps.
Section II.
1. The Shû-𝖟ze[1], who had the direction of the (other) members of the royal and princely families,
- ↑ See Book XLIV, paragraph 1, and note. The Shû-𝖟ze or Kû-𝖟ze belonged to the department of the Sze-mâ. They were two,—Great officers of the third grade; and under them thirty assistants,—officers and employés. The superintendents of the Lists in next
