§ 233. SECTION III. ON THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF NOUNS AND PRONOUNS. 179 CHAPT. I. Substantive. Adjective. Adverb. 233. In ancient languages the difference between adjective Adjective and substantive is generally not so strongly marked stantive. as in modern. ones. So especially in Sanskrit. Both classes of nouns have the same declension, and a great number of them have sometimes an adjectival mean- ing, sometimes they are substantives. They are only different as to their gender, substantives being nouns of one gender, but adjectives of three, as they must take the gender of the nouns they qualify ¹): ght auf, gh qe, qh ara. Adjectives proper, when used as substantives, may be distinguished thus: a) the substantivizing results from i zmiada athid gele124; the Bomb, edition has get- e. There is antithesis between the at: [in full quTT:] Rêxagas and Rama :, and likewise between them [et] and Râma who was wear. The samdhir árshahger[] [#]geyim is admitted 1944 in the Râmâyana, see f. i. 2, 51, 8; 74, 13; 3, 64, 23, 1) By this way we may account for the fact, that Indian grammar, full as it is of accurate and minute observations and of acute and sharp distinc- tions, does not possess proper terms expressive of categories of words as common and as indispensable to Western grammar as » adjective" and >substantive." The gunavacana of the vernacular grammariang encom- passes more than our >adjective"; neither the dravyání nor the jûtayas are the exact equivalent of our substantives". The term viceshana, used by Panini himself, comprises both the apposition and the attributive adjec- tive. The only term adopted to point out the adjective as such is f » noun of three genders.
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