315. 236 8 314-316. borne.)" But in the present and its system (present, imperfect, potential or optative, imperative, participle of the present) each voice has a different formal ex- pression, hnd etc. serving exclusively for the medium but ſud again having exclusively a passive meaning. The participle in I may have a passive, an intran- sitive and a transitive meaning, as will be shown af- terwards. See 360. Passive aorist Apart from the system of the present, it is but one in º single form, viz. the 34 pers. of the sing. of the aorist- as and the , Dia which exclusively serves for the tenses derived from it. passive. O 60; 61. Rem. At the outset even this aorist in 3 was a medial tense. See WHITNEY 845 and DELBRÜCK Altind. Tempuslehre p. 53 #f, p. 54 af etc. Papini teaches an intransitive employment for f(has arisen, - come forth), (has shone),
- irfù (has awaked), wf (has grown full), f
(has grown big). In classic literature Kathas. 42, 134 ar aufà an (the giant died). From this 3d person in 3, however, it is allowed to derive P. 6.4. several passive tenses of all such roots, as end in a vowel, moreover of and BE WHITNEY §998 d. So f. i. (was born), P. 3, 1, (has extended), is not rare. 62. , the 316. 1) Cp. f. i. Mhbh. 1, 159, 6 the future of Daç. 96 off (I shall rescue) with (those two will be rescued) or Mhbh. 1, 188, 18 (and Arjuna took the bow) with Kathâa. 71, 34 (he was embraced by her). It would be an interesting subject-matter for inquiry to draw a statistical account of the common forms of the átmanepadam with respect to their being usel with a medial and with a passive meaning. It seems, indeed, that of several verbs these forms, especially the perfect, have the tendency of conveying exclusively a medial meaning, whereas some others seem to be exclusively passives. Before, however, such an account from standard authors will have been made, it would be premature to state something with certainty on this head.
