tocracy. Trade and industry are largely in the hands of Jews and foreigners, Germans, Belgians, and Armenians. The only educated class are the bureaucracy, and that fact partly explains why the bureaucracy, notwithstanding its corruption, continues to possess such powers. And it will retain such power as long as there is no other educated class to take its place.
So far, the revolution has been mainly an intellectual movement. It has proceeded not from the Third Estate, but from what Carlyle has called the "Fourth Estate." The revolution is really managed by a mere band of intellectuals, journalists, professors, advocates, and students. It depends for its moral support on public opinion in Europe, and for its material support on the army of industrial labourers in the large cities. Nothing is more interesting to the foreigner than to observe the extraordinary power wielded by these few thousands of "intellectuals" and young students, and nothing is more significant to an Englishman than the fact that whilst in Great Britain the universities are wholly conservative, in Russia they are wholly revolutionary.
(d) The French Revolution was a national movement. The Russian Revolution, besides
