were now removed from Shivner to Puna and Dadaji was appointed their guardian.
The Puna district that Dadaji took over was in a sadly ruined condition. Six years of warfare had desolated the land, and the work of the invading soldiery had been completed after their departure by robber chiefs who tried to profit by the anarchy. Indeed, the province had so recently passed from the Nizam-Shahi ownership to that of Bijapur that the authority of the new Government had not yet been established there. It was only the rule of a strong jagirdar that could have given peace and prosperity to the district; but during 1630-1636 Shahji had been forced to lead a life of constant movement, danger and warfare. The Puna and Thana districts at the extreme north-western corner of the kingdom of Bijapur, therefore, formed a No man's Land, with none to administer and defend them.
In 1630 Shahji had plundered and seized the Nizam-Shahi country round Puna. Soon afterwards a Bijapuri army had looted and burnt Puna, Indapur and other villages of Shahji and "totally desolated them." (B. S. 227.) Next he had recovered possession of them by force. Then had followed the famine of 1631-1632, the most terrible in the sad
kulkarni of Hingani Burdi and Dhuligaon. There is a Hingana Buzurg, 3 m. s. w. of Puna. (Ind. Atlas, 39 S. W.) A critic suggests the emendation Hingani Beradi and Devalgaon, which I accept.
