Not included in the above list of men-of-war are various steamers and sailing ships, 12 in number, laid up in harbour, mostly at Pola, for special purposes, such as artillery practice, and the training of boys for the Imperial navy—both objects markedly attended to in recent years by the Government.
The navy of Austria was commanded in April 1869, on the peace-footing, by 2 vice-admirals, 4 rear-admirals, 14 captains of ships-of-the-line, 13 captains of frigates, 14 captains of corvettes, 106 lieutenants, and 343 ensigns and cadets, and manned by 3,803 sailors. The marines, at the same date, comprised 1 colonel, 1 lieut.-colonel, 1 major, 7 captains, 23 lieutenants, and 842 non-commissioned officers and privates. On the war-footing, the sailors are to number 8,743 men, and the marines 1,410. The navy is recruited, like the army, by conscription, from among the seafaring population of the empire. A large proportion, however, is obtained by voluntary enlistment, particularly in the province of Dalmatia, which enjoys special privileges in return for the number of sailors which it furnishes to the imperial navy. The term of service in the navy is eight years, after which the men are liable to remain two years longer in the navy of reserve.—(Report of the Imperial-royal Government to the Statesman's Year-book.)
Area and Population.
The Austrian empire extends over an area of 10,780 Austrian, or 226,406 English square miles, on which lived, at the date of the last census, taken December 31, 1869, a population of 35,943,592, or 159 per English square mile. The number of the civil population of the empire, distinguished as such in the census returns, was 35,672,073, leaving 241,519 persons enumerated as belonging to the military class.
The following table gives the area, number of civil inhabitants, and total number of inhabitants, civil and military, of the various provinces of the empire, distinguishing its two great political divisions, the German monarchy, or Cisleithan Austria, and the Hungarian kingdom, or Transleithan Austria, together with the so-called Military frontier, placed under the administration of the Ministry of War for the Whole Empire. The table represents only the provisional returns of the census of December 31, 1869, giving the number of inhabitants of all the provinces after the revised lists of the enumeration commissioners, except that for Dalmatia, obtained, in default of official statistics, from estimates.
