AREA AND POPULATION
687
posed of a president and twelve members, six of whom, together with the president, are nominated by the king, while the other six are elected by the combined Chambers. ]\Iembcrs of both Chambers receive an allowance of ds. 2d. a day during the session and travelling expenses, but to hereditary members of the Upper Chamber payment is made on application only.
The executive of the Kingdom is a Ministry of State composed of six ministerial departments. The heads of the six departments are the Ministers of Justice ; of Foreign Affairs and the Royal House, to whose province belongs also the administration of the State railways, posts, and telegraphs ; of the Interior ; of Public Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs ; of War ; and of Finance. There is also a Privy Council, of which the IMinisters are members, and which the sovereign has a right to consult on all occasions.
For administrative purposes the country is divided into 4 circles (Kreise), 64 districts (Oberiimter), and 1.911 communes (Gemeindeu).
Area and Population.
Wiirttemberg has an area of 7,533 English square miles. The following table shows the area and population of the whole and of each of the four * circles ' (Kreise) ; —
Ereise
Area inSq. Miles
Population
Population
l^er Sq.
Mile
1895
1890
1895
Neckar .... Black Forest (Schwarz-
wald). Jagst .... Danube (Donau) .
1,285
1,845 1,985 2,418
7,533
665,049
481,334 402,991 487,148
697,373
488,431 398,887 496,460
543-1
265-2 201-2 205-2
276-5
Total .
2,036,522
2,081,151
The increase of population between 1890 and 1895, amounting on the whole to only 0*44 per cent, per annum, varied greatly in the four circles of the Kingdom. There was an increase of 32,324 in the Neckar circle, but a decrease of 4,104 in the Jagst circle. Of the total population in 1895, 844,044, or 40 "6 per cent., lived in communes of 2,000 inhabitants and ujtwards, and 1,237,107, or 59 "4 per cent., in rural communes. Thei)opula- tion included 1,007,125 males and 1,074,026 females, or 106-6 females for every 100 males. The division of the population according to occupation is shown in the table on p. 534. The number of foreigners wa,s 12,661.
The movement of the population for five years was : —
Year
Marriages
Total Births
StiUborn
Illegitimate
Total Deaths
Surplus of Births
1893 1894 1895 1896 1897
13,994 14,878 15,209 15,656 15,972
73,091 71,376 73,559 74,964 73,800
2,359 2,253 2,403 2,454 2,299
7,803 7,727 7,347 7,962 7,129
56,303 52,882 50,902 46,443 49,657
16,788 18,494 22,657 28,521 24,143
