728
ITALY
From the accession of Martino V., 213th in the usual list of Roman Pontiffs, to Leone XIIL, 263rd in the list, the Popes have been as follows : —
No. in the list
213
214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238
Name of Pontiff
Martino V. Eugenio IV. . Niccolo V. Calisto in, . Pio 11. . Paolo IL Sisto IV. InnocenzoVIII. Alessandro VI. Pio III. . Giulio II. Leone X. Adriano VI. . Clemente VII. Paolo III. . Giulio III. . Marcello II. . Paolo IV. Pio IV. . PioV. . Gregorio XIII. Sisto V. UrbanoVII. . Gregorio XIV, Innocenzo IX. CleraenteVIII.
Nation-
Year of
No. in
ality
Election
the list
Italian
1417
239
1 3 5
1431
240
1 > J
1447
241
S})ani.sh
1455
242
i Italian
1458
1 243
1
1464
i 244
1471
- 245
1484
! 246
Spanish
1492
247
Italian
1503
248
1503
249 !
3 )
1513
- 250 '
Dutch
1522
' 251
Italian
1523
1 252
1534
253
1550
254
1555
255
,3
1555
256
1559
257
1566
258 i
1572
259
1585
260
1590
261
1590
262
1591
263
1 3 3
1592
1
Name of Pontiff
Leone XI. Paolo V. Gregorio XV. . Urbano VIII. Innocenzo X. . AlessandroVII. Clemente IX. Clemente X. . Innocenzo XI. AlessandroVII I Innocenzo XII. Clemente XI. InnocenzoXIII. BeuedettoXIII. Clemente XII. BenedeltoXIV. Clemente. XIII. ClementeXIV. Pio VI. . Pio VII. Leone XII. . Pio VIII. Gregorio XVI. Pio IX. . Leone XIII. .
Nation-
Year of
ality
Election
Italian
1605
1605
1621
t , ,
1623
s
1644
'
1655
1667
1670
,,
1676
1689
1691
1700
1721
1724
1730
1740
1758
i 33
1769
1
1775
1800
i 3,
1823
1
1829
1831
1846
1
1878
The Bishop of Rome, or Pope, bj^ Roman Catholics accounted Vicar of Jesus Christ upon earth and,' in that office, Successor of St. Peter, is the absolute and irresponsible ruler of the Roman Catholic Church, regarded as the whole Christian Church here below, Hisccc cathedra definitions on matters of faith or morals are held to be infallible, and against his judgments there is no appeal. Every baptized person is held to be spiritually subject to him, and his jurisdiction over such to be immediate. The Roman Pontiff has for advisers and coadjutors the Sacred College of Cardinals, consisting, when complete, of seventy meml)ers, namely, six cardinal-bishops, fifty cardinal- priests, and fourteen cardinal-deacons, but hardly ever comprising the full number. In January 1899 the Sacred College consisted of six cardinal- bishops, forty-five cardinal-priests, and five cardinal-deacons. The follow- ing list gives the names of these fifty-six cardinals : —
