PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY
819
the statistics of 1896 there were: land under culture, 865,458; pasture, 1,182,879; gardens and orchards, 61,405; forest, 248,383. Total, 2,358,125 h.a.
Large estates prevail in the provinces of Zealand, South Holland, Groningen, and Xorth Holland ; small estates in North Brabant, Guelders, Limburg, and Overyssel.
In 1896 the number of estates was : —
5 hectares From 5 to i From 10 to aud less '. 10 hectares 20 hectares
From 20 to 40 hectares
From 40 to 75 hectares
From 75 to 100 hectares
Above 100 hectares
78,813 34,473 29,674
18,369
6,397
432
192
42 "8 per cent, of all estates being held by farmers, and 57 "2 per cent, by the owners. In 1888 the percentage was 41 '5 and 58"5.
The total number of cattle in 1896 was about 1,583,000 ; of horses, 269,000 ; of sheep, 700,000 ; and of ^ligs, 1,260,400.
The areas under the principal crops, in hectares, were as follows : —
Wheat
Rye .
"Winter barley
Summer barley
Oats .
Potatoes
Buckwheat
Beans
Peas .
Rapeseed .
Flax .
Beetroot
Tobacco
Madder
1890
1
1895
1894
62,265
61,862
64,586
' 214,917
210,077
208,275
- 28.195
25,729
25,113
11,117
12,987
13,260
128,429
130,987
132,502
150,203
150,949
150,023
31,858
35.519
36,899
38,828
40,218
39,345
24,285
24,374
24,969
2,983
3,234
6,321
11,156
13,871
16,678
45,571
35,092
33,435
698
707
621
321
588
719
1893
Average, I Average, 1871-80 1881-90
70,804
201,993
26,767
15,137
126,350
151,970
38,099
38,914
24,161
7,354
13,529
28,379
616
792
86,421
196,112
26,667
21,034
113,627
135,310
65,135
36,814
16,493
12,690
18,530
13,904
1,676
2,295
86,237
202,069
29,478
16,485
116,292
144,330
50,729
38,310
23,016
7,661
14,685
20,330
1,234
723
The mean yield of these products was, per hectare, in hectolitres (1 hecto- litre =2 '75 bushels) : —
—
1896
1895
1894
1893
Average, 1871-80
Average, 1881-90
Wheat
28-6
24-4
22-7
24-7
22-0
23-4
Rye .
22-3
21-5
20-8
21-6
17-3
191
Winter barley .
43-7
42-8
35-7
46-8
39-0
40-4 '
Summer barley .
337
31-7
31-2
28-2
28-8
29-7 j
Oats .
42-1
41-8
40-2
34-4
38-3
38-3
Potatoes
195-0
174-0
139-0
207-8
136-0
154-0
, Buckwheat
13-6
17-5
15-5
14-3
17-4
14-3
Beans
23-4
23-9
20-5
25-9
21-7
22-7
j Peas .
27-7
24-4
18-1
25-7
20-5
21-5
Rapeseed .
27-2
19-5
22-0
26-7
21-3
23-5
Flax (kilo.) .
480-0
508-0
471-0
377-0
476-0
490-0
1 Beetroot ,,
38,237-0
29,281-0
•22,037-0
26,715-0
26,260-0
24,809-0
Tobacco , ,
2,278-0
2,065-0
1,810-0
2,081-0
2,247-0
2,139-0
Madder , ,
3,108-0
2,559-0
2,331-0
2,741-0
2,500-0
2,629-5
3 G 2
