PORTUGAL
A.D.
A.D.
1097
rhilipll. .
1598
1140
rhiiipiii. .
1621
1185
1211
IV. House of Braganza.
1223
1248
Joan IV., 'the Restoi
er
' 1640
1279
Affouso VI.
1656
1325
Pedro II. .
1683
1357
Joan V, . . ,
Jose
1706 1750
1367
Maria I. and Pedro III Maria I. . Joan, Regent
1777 1786 1799
1385
Joan VI. .
1816
1433
Pedro IV. .
1826
1438
Maria II.
1826
1481
Miguel I. .
1828
1495
Maria II., restored
. 1834
1521
1557
V. House of Braganza-
Cohurg.
1578
Pedro V. .
1853
Lniz I. . , .
1861
1580
Carlos I.
1889
878
I. House of Burgundy. Henri of Burgundy Affonso I., ' the Conqueror ' Sancho I., 'the Colonizer' Affonso II., 'the Fat Sancho II., ' Capel' . Affouso III., 'the Bolonian' Diniz, ' the Farmer ' . Affonso IV., 'the Brave' . Pedro, 'the Severe' Ferdinando I., 'the Hand- some ' . . . .
I i . House of Avis. Joan I., 'of Happy memory' Duarte ....
Affonso V,, ' the African ' . Joan II., 'the Perfect' Manoel, ' the Fortunate ' Joan III, .... Sebastian, ' the Desired ' Cardinal Henrique
III. TJie Spanish Dynasty. Philip I. (II. of Spain)
Constitution and Government.
The fundamental law of the Kingdom is the ' Constitutional Charter ' granted by King Pedro IV., April 29, 1826, altered by the additional Acts, dated July 5, 1852, July 24, 1885, and by laws of 1895 (March 28, September 25). The crown is heredi- tary in the female as well as male line ; but with preference of the male in case of equal birthright. The Constitution recognises four powers in the State, the legislative, the executive, the judicial, and the ' moderating ' authority, the last of which is vested in the Sovereign. There are two legislative Chambers, the ' Camara dos Pares,' or House of Peers, and the * Camara dos Deputados,' or House of Commons, which are conjunctively called the Cortes Geraes. The law of July 24, 1885, provided for the abolition of hereditary peerages, though only by a gradual process. The law of March 28, 1895, made without the concurrence of the Parliament, alters considerably the past constitution of the two houses. The number of life peers appointed by the King will be 90, not including princes of the royal blood and the 12 bishops of the Continental dioceses. The nominated peers, who must be over 40 years of age, may be selected without limitation as to class, but certain restrictions and disqualifications are imposed. The elective portion of the Chamber ceases to exist. The members of the second Chamber are chosen in direct election, by all citizens twenty-one years of age who can read and write, or
