AREA AND POPULATION
915
and a surplus of immigration of 2,304,717 foreigners during the same time. Emigration is on the increase. Of late the Russians, especially Jews, con- tributed a large part to the flow of emigrants into the United States The number of immigrants from the Russian Empir' into the United States during the vears 1873 to 1890 (July 1) attained 313,469; during the years 1891-1897 it was:— 292,032 from Russia proper, 24,977 from Finland, and 91,994 from Poland ; total in 24 years, 722,472.
The emigration to Siberia may be judged from the following numbers of emigrants carried on board the steamers which ply on the Ob and Irtysh : — in 1888, 26,129; in 1889, 30,410; in 1890, 36,000: in 1891, 60,000; in 1892, 100,000 ; in 1895, 100,000 ; in 1896 and 1897 from 150,000 to 200,000 immigrants entered Siberia from Russia every year, and 60,000 in 1898.
III. Principal Towns.
The great majority of the population of Russia being agriculturists, they dwell in villages, and in 1897 the urban and rural population (exclusive of Finland), as also the division according to sex appeared as follows : —
In Towns
European Russia 11,830,546
Poland . . , 2,059,340
Caucasus . . ' 996,248
Siberia . . 462,182
Central Asia . 932,662
In the Country
Males
82,384,869 7,396,603 8,252,447 5,264,908 6,789,022
46,447,963 4,764,007 4,891,054 2,95^,559 4,158,980
Females
47,767,452 4,691,936 4,357,641 2,772,531 3,562,704
Total
16,280,978 110,087,849
63,216,563
63,152,264
Many of the towns, moreover, are very small, a few in European Russia and man}' in Asiatic Russia having less than 1,000 inhabitants.
The aggregate number of settlements reached, in 1886, 555,990 in the Empire ; of these 1,281 (468 in Poland) had municipal institutions. The following are the populations of the principal towns, according to the census of 1897. The letters (C. ), (S. ), (T. ), and (St. ), after the towns in Asia signify Caucasus, Siberia, Turkestan, and the Kirghiz Steppes, while the Polish towns are marked by the letter (P.),
Eiissia in Eicrove —
Towns
Population
Towns Population
Towns
Pojiulation
Kishineff ,
. 108,796
Libau
64,505
St. Petersburg^
1,267,023
Nijni-Novgorod 95,124
Byelostok
63,927
Moscow .
. 988,614
Nikolaieff
. 92,060
Penza
61,851
Warsaw (P.)
. 638,209
Samara
. 91,672
Elizabethgrad ,
61,841
Odessa
. 405,041
Minsk
. 91,494
Cronstadt
59,539
Lodz (P.)
. 315,209
Voronezh .
. 84,146
Krementchug .
58,648
Rigai .
. 282,943
Kovno
. 73,543
Tsaritsyn .
55,967
Kieft-
. 247,432
Orenburg .
. 72,740
IvanotF-Vozne-
Kharkofl' .
. 174,841
Diinaluirg
sensk
53,949
Vilna
. 159,568
(Dvinsk)
. 72,231
Berdicheff
53,728
Saratov .
. 137,109
Yaroslavl
. 70,610
Tver
53,477
Kazan
. 131,508
Orel .
. 69,858
Poltava .
53,060
Ekaterinoslav
. 121,216
Kherson
. 69,219
Kursk
52,896
Rostov onDonl 119,889
Vitebsk .
. 66,143
Novotcherkask
52,005
Astrakhan
. 113,001
Zhitomir .
. 65,452
Taganrog .
51,965
Tula
. T* 1,048
Reval
•. 64,578
Sebastopol
3 N
50,710 2
