970
RUSSIA
22,135 persons ; more than 250 acres, 2,823 persons. Small farmers, 70,444.
The crop of 1895 was in hectolitres :— Wheat, 51,715 ; rye, 4,667,198; barley, 2,154,015 ; oats, 6,623,900; potatoes, 6,357,312; flax, 1,619 tons ; hemp, 667 tons.
Of domestic animals Finland had: — Horses, 300,650; horned cattle, 1,409,183 ; sheep, 1,067,384 ; swine, 197,356 ; reindeer, 129,984 ; goats, 14,540 ; poultry, 400,927.
The crown forests cover 14,050,471 hectares. Their maintenance cost 628,000 francs, and the income derived from them was 2,284,000 francs. In 1895 there were 207 saw mills with water motors, and 220 steam mills, as against 117 in 1888. They give occupation to 12, 091 workers, and their aggre- gate production was 1,772,038 cubic metres of timber, as against 3,003,354 cubic metres in 1889.
The annual produce of pig-iron and iron, in metric tons, for seven years, was : —
Years
Ore
Pig-iron
Bar Iron
1889
48,693
15,060
12,227
1890
59,435
23,749
16,948
1891
58,692
23,072
19,780
1892
58,210
24,167
19,710
1893
54,771
21,355
13,996
1894
68,243
21,174
15,287
1895
67,724
23,220
17,863
Finland had in 1895, 7,197 large and small manufactures, employing an aggregate of 65,250 workers, and yielding an aggregate product (exclusive of flour mills) of 188,472,312 marks (7,538,900^.). The chief were :—
—
No. of
Establishments
No. of
Workers
Production
Marks
Iron and mechanical works
1,175
12,063
25,972,355
Textiles ....
40
7,336
25,058,523
Wood and bone industries ,
754
14,651
45,771,214
Distilleries and breweries .
154
1,823
8,675,596
Paper ....
124
4,830
18,075,166
Leather ....
765
2,714
12,384,803
Chemicals ....
253
1,685
6,191,430
Dress and dyeing
1,125
4,072
6,576,620
Graphic arts
107
1,584
3,631,551
The total number of steam engines was in 1895, 649 ; horse-power, 17,082.
Commerce,
The exterior trade of Finland appears as follows, in thousands of marks (francs) : —
