CRIME, PAUPERISM, BENEVOLENCE ccvii Dependent and Defective Classes The various States in the Union have reports showing indoor paupers, criminals, and all the dependent and defective per- sons, but with varied classifications. For the whole country, therefore, dependence must be placed upon the statistics of the Federal census. These, however, are not entirely satisfactory, owing to the differences in classification, so far as paupers and the dependent classes are concerned, and especially with refer- ence to criminals, as the criminal codes of the different States are not uniform, some crimes being punished in some States by imprisonment in the penitentiaries and in others by fines. Again, the administration of law is not uniform, the courts in one State giving a person convicted of a certain crime the long- est term possible under the law, while in some States or Terri- tories, where the criminal laws are more lax, the courts give shorter terms. Therefore, while the statistics are the best available, they are more thoroughly indicative than conclusive of conditions. Crime, Pauperism, and Benevolence Prisoner's. — The total number of prisoners in the United States on June 1, 1890, was 82,329 : whites, 57,310 ; negroes, 24,277 ; Chinese, 407 ; Japanese, 13 ; civilized Indians, 322. The number of male prisoners was 75,924, and of female prisoners, 6405. According to general nativity and c51or, the sexes are divided as follows: native whites, 38,156 males and 2315 females; foreign whites, 13,869 males and 2063 females; negroes, 22,305 males and 1972 females ; Chinese, 406 males and 1 female ; Japanese, 12 males and 1 female ; civilized Indians, 307 males and 15 females. Of the number reported as of unknown nativity, 869 were males and 38 were females. The total number of prisoners reported in 1880 was 58,609. Inmates of Juvenile lleformatories. — The total number of inmates of juvenile reformatories in the United States on June 1, 1890, was 14,846: whites, 12,903 ; negroes, 1930 ; Chinese, 1 ; civilized Indians, 12. The number of male inmates was 11,535, and of female inmates, 3311. Ac- cording to general nativity and color, the sexes are divided as follows : native whites, 8635 males and 2443 females; foreign whites, 1129 males and 276 females ; negroes, 1525 males and 405 females ; Chinese, 1 male ; civilized Indians, 11 males and 1 female. Of the number reported as of unknown nativity, 234 were males and 186 were females. The total number of inmates of juvenile reformatories reported in 1880 was 11,468. Almshouse Paupers. — The total number of almshouse paupers in the United States on June 1, 1890, was 73,045: whites, 66,578; negroes, 6418 ; Chinese, 13 ; civilized Indians, 36. The number of male paupers was 40.741, and of female paupers, .32,304. According to general nativity and color, the sexes are divided as follows : native whites. 19,375 males and 17,281 females; foreign whites, 16,938 males and 10,710 females;
