DEFENCE
55
-
England and Wales
Scotland
Ireland
£
£
£
Rates .....
35,898,774
3,658,063
1 3,040,558
"Water, Gas, and Electric light
7,952,980
1,897,281
Repayments ....
1,017,043
—
—
Tolls, Dues, &c. .
5,302,839
1,199,418
476,427
Rents, interest &o.
2,108,749
629,005
113,228
Sales
527,635
38,768
—
Government contributions
9,409,561
1,648,340
406,668
Loans
11,053,931
1,897,144
709,376
Miscellaneous
Total receipts
2,206,527
321,548
267,829
75,474,039
11,289,547
5,014,088
The chief branches of local expenditure were
—
Eng.& Wales
Scotland
Ireland
By Town and Municipal Authorities for
Police, Sanitary Works, &c. . By Unions and Parishes for Poor Relief By School Boards .... By County, Rural Sanitary, and Road
Authorities
By Harbour Authorities
Total (including other expenditure)
£
40.019,001
10,215,974
9,426,472
8,339,436 3,454,089
£ 5,522,779 1,013,376" 2,153,439
1,349,847 1,200,035
£
1,527,211 1,053,391
1,472,282 482,807
76,104,066
11,516,118
5,093,658
The estimated expenditure of the London County Council for the year ending March 31, 1899, was: maintenance, 3,719, 998Z. (including 89, 332Z. on tramways, working-class dwellings, &c. , out of rents) ; capital, 6,009,375Z. (including 2,352,500^. loans to local authorities). The amount of the con- solidated stock of the Council March 31, 1898, was returned at 38,011,638Z.
Defence. I. Army.
Tlie maintenance or a standing army in time of peace, without the consent of Parliament, is prohil)ited by the Bill of Rights of 1689. From that time to the present, the luimber of troops as well as the cost of the diflferont branches of the service in detail, lias been sanctioned by an annual vote of the House of Commons. Parliament exercises another important means of control over the army — viz., by passing at the commencement of every session an Act called the * Army (Annual) Bill,' investing the Crown with large powers to make regulations for the good government of the army, and to frame the Articles of War, which form the military code.
The Secretary of State for War, who is assisted by Under-Secretaries of State, exercises administrative control over all army services, and the heads of the principal departments, both military and civil, are responsible to him for the discharge of their duties. The principal military departments are those of the Commander-in-Chief, the Adjutant-General, the Quarter-Master-General,
