DEFENCK 59
The establishments for military educational purposes comprise the Council of Military Education, Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, Royal Military and Staff College at Sandhurst, Royal Military Asylum and Normal School at Chelsea, Royal Hibernian Military School at Dublin, Department for Instruction of Artillery Officers, Military Medical School, and a varying number of Garrison Schools and Libraries. In the army estimates for 1898-99, the sum provided for military education is 182,300Z, (including the appropriation in aid). The two principal educational estab- lishments for officers are the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, and the Royal Military and Staff Colleges at Sq,ndhurst. In the army estimates of 1898-99 the cost of the Woolwich Academy was set down at 36,200Z., and of the Sandhurst College at 44,800^,
II. Navy.
The British Navy is a permanent establishment, governed by statutes and orders fixed with much precision })y the Legislature. Its administration was formerly in the hands of a Lord High Admiral, but by the Act 2 Will and Mary, c. 2, this office was vested in a Commission. With the exception of various periods in which the office has been revived — in the person of the Earl of Pembroke in the reign of William III., of Prince George of Denmark (1702-8), and of the Duke of Clarence (May, 1827— August, 1828)— it has continued to be held in commission by the Board of Admiralty. The Board now consists of the First Lord of the Admiralty, Avho is always a member of the Cabinet, and five other oommissioners,
- » The First Lord is responsible for the general direction and super\'ision of all naval business, and deals with promotions, appointments, nominations to cadetships, and other matters. The First Naval Lord advises upon questions of maritime defence, strategy, and naval policy, and is charged with business relating to ships in commission, the distribution and organisation of the Fleet, the supervision of the Intelligence and Hydrographic Departments, ships' complements, discipline, courts martial, signals, collisions, gunnery, torpedoes, &c. The Second Naval Lord is responsible for the manning and officering of the Fleet, and for mobilization, naval education and training, the Royal Naval Reserve, and many other matters concerning the personnel. The special work of the Third Naval Lord and Controller of the Navy is chiefly in relation to maUrial. He has charge of the dockyards, the steam reserves, shipbuilding and repairs, machinery, the purchase, disposal and loan of ships, questions relating to inventions and discoveries, naval ordnance and stores, and the dockyard personnd. Tlie Junior Naval Lord is concerned with the transport, medical and victualling services, and with liospitaLs, the coaling of the fleet, questions of pay, allowances, prize money, uniform, pensions, and other like matters. The Civil Lord is responsible for the Works Department, and for buildings and establishments, questions concerning Greenwich Hospital, dockyard schools, and other business. The Admiralty Board is assisted by a Parliamentaiy and Financial Secretary, who has charge of all matters of account and of questions involving reference to the Treasury financially ; and by a Permanent Secretaiy, who is responsible for the dis- cipline of the Admiralty departments, and appointments in the office, and has charge of correspondence and maritime papers. The administration of the Navy is thus conducted under the direction and sujtervision of the Board through a number of independent departments.
For the details of Naval expenditure see under Finance. The number of officers, seamen and marines provided for in the estimates for 1898-99, and also for the previous year, was as follows ; —
