JUSTICE AND CRIME — FINANCE
130
were honorary, exercised jurisdiction. There were 1,720 civil judges under the sujierior courts. Nearly all the civil judges, and the great majority of the magistrates, in the courts of original jurisdiction are natives of India ; while in Bengal, Madras, and Bombay, the proportion of natives sitting in the appel- late courts is considerable.
The following table gives (in thousands) the number of persons under trial and of those convicted in criminal cases for the years quoted : —
Persons
Tried .
Convicted . Of whom, lined
1891
1892
1893
1894
1,694 815 622
1895
1,740
845 640
1896
1,525 749 572
1,641
795 601
1,671 793 596
1,786 840
625
i
In 1896, 440 persons were sentenced to death, 1,554 to transportation, and 165,080 to imprisonment. There were 1,004 convictions for the crime of murder, 9,539 for cattle-theft, 52,604 for ordinary theft, and 24,365 for lurk- ing house trespass and housebreaking.
The total police of that year were 142,600 in number. Out of this number 53,207 were armed with firearms and 45,862 with swords.
In 1896 there were 40 central gaols, 191 district gaols, and 495 .subordinate gaols and lock-ups. The following table gives the number of prisoners in gaol at the end of the years quoted :-
Prisoners
1891
92,947 3,147
1892
92,139 3,029
1893
92,190
2,862
95,052
1894
93,299 3,012
1895
97,993 3,189
101,182
1890
106,552 3,382
Male . Female
Total .
95,644
95,168
96,311
109,934
Of the total number of convicts (181,984), admitted into gaol during 1896, 16,435 had been previously convicted once, 4,927 twice, and 3,956 more than twice.
Finance. The subjoined table gives, in tens of rupees (Ex.), the total gross amount of the actual revenue and expenditure of India, excluding capital expenditure on public works, and distinguishing Indian and home expenditure, in each of the financial years ending March 31, 1887, and 1892-97.
Years
ended
March 31
llcvcnue
Expenditure
1
In India
In Great Britain including cxcliange
Total Expenditure
1 1
1887 1892 1893 1894 1895 1 1896
1 1897
1
Rx. 77,337,134 89,143,283 90,172,438 90,565,214 95,187,429 98,370,167 94,129,741
Rx.
57,329,672 65,763,836 64,844,035 66,000,101 65,718,671 69,377,831
69,600,508
1
Rx. 19,829,035 22,911,912 26,161,815 26,112,111 28,775,648 27,458,338 26,234,255
Rx.
77,158,707 88,675,748 91,005,850 92,112,212 • 94,494,219 96,836,169 95,834,763
