AREA AND POPULATION
223
In 1897 the estimated population was 5,185,990. The following are the areas of the provinces in 1897 with the population at the censuses of 1881 and 1891 :—
Square Miles
Total 1 Total
Density
Increase
Increase
Province
Popula- 1 Poiuila-
per sq. mile 1891
54-5
per cent.
per cent.
tion, 1881
tion, 1891
1871-81
1881-91
Pi-ince Edward Island .
2,000
108,891
109,078
15-8
0-17
Nova Scotia .
20,600
440,572
450,396
21-9
13-6
2-23
New Brunswick
28,200
321,233
321,263
iri
12-4
0-00
Quebec ....
347,350
1,359,027 1,488,535
4-3
140
9-53
Ontario ....
222,000
1,926,922 ! 2,114,321
9-6
18-6
9-73
Manitoba
73,956
62,260
152,506
2-4
247-2
144-95
British Columbia .
383,300
49,459
98,173
0-3
36-4
98-49
Territories and Arctic
Islands Total .
2,572,540
56,446
98,967
0-04
—
75-33
3,653,946
4,324,810
4,833,239
1-5
18-97
11-76
The above area includes Hudson Bay and the lakes and rivers of Canada.
In 1891 there were 2,460,471 males and 2,372,768 females.
A portion of the North- Western Territories was in 1895 divided into four districts — Assiniboia, 90,340 square miles ; Saskatchewan, 114,000 sq. m. ; Alberta, 100,000 sq. m. ; and Athabasca, 251,300 sq. m. By the census of the first three districts taken in 1891, there was found to be a total population of 66,799. The district of Keewatin, stretching along the west shore of Hudson Bay, and including the greater part of the Bay added in 1897, was created in 1876 out of the Territories, and erected into a separate govern- ment under the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba, and it has now an area of about 756,000 square miles. By Order in Council of October 2, 1895, the remaining portions of the N.AV. Territories were divided into the districts of Ungava, Franklin, Mackenzie, and Yukon ; and by Act of Parliament, 1898, the latter was erected into the Judicial District of Yukon.
Eighty-six per cent, of the population of the Dominion consisted, at the census of 1891, of natives of British North America. These numbered 4,185,877, of whom 1,708,702 were natives of Ontario ; 1,406,514 of Quebec ; 423,890 of Nova Scotia; 299,154 of New Brunswick ; 108,017 of Manitoba; 56,851 of British Columbia ; 102,652 natives of Prince Edward Island ; and 80,097 of the Territories. Of those born out of the country, the most numerous, at the census of 1891, were 475,456 natives of the United Kingdom ; 13,776 were born in other parts of the Empire, making 490,232 British born — 80,915 were born in the United States, 27,752 in Germany, 9,222 in Russia, 7,827 in Scandinavia, 5,381 in France, 2,964 in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, 9,129 in China, and 13,940 in other countries. English-speaking persons numbered 3,428,265, and French-speaking, 1,404,974. According to an official report for 1895, there were 102,275 Indians in Canada at that date.
The census population of the principal cities of the Dominion was as follows in 1891 :—
Ontario
1
Toronto 181,220 Hamilton 48,980 Ottawa 44,154 London 31,977
British Columbia
Quebec .
Nova Scotia . New Brunswick Manitoba ( Victoria
J Montreal \ Quebec Halifax St. John Winnipeg 16,841
216,650 63,090 38,556 39,179 25,642
\ Vancouver 13,685
