^62 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
(i.e. the A.ustrian Landwehr and the Hungarian Honv^dseg), and the Levy-in-mass (or Landsturm, Nepfolkeles) of each State. The army common and special armies have each, as an essential part, an Ersatz- (or supplementary) Reserve (Pot- harlalek). Military service begins at the age of 21, but for the Levy-in-mass, at 19. The duty of service continues; — ■- (1) In the common army : Three years in the line and 7 years in the reserve ; 10 years for those enrolled at once in the supple^ mentary Reserve. (2) In the navy : Four years in the marines, 5 years in the reserve, and 3 years in the Seewehr. (3) In the Austrian Landwehr and Hungarian Honvedseg, respectively, in their supplementary Reserves : Two years for those who have been transferred to the Landwehr or to the Honvedseg from the com- mon army, and 12 years for those at once enrolled. Then follow 10 years in the Levy-in-mass. The marines and the Seewehr can (apart from periodical drill) only be called out by command of the Emperor-King.
The common army consists of 15 army corps, most of which are organised in 2 divisions of infantry of 2 brigades ; 1 brigade of cavalry and 1 brigade of artillery with a train section. There are, in all, 31 divisions of infantry troops, comprising 63 brigades of infantry and 6 brigades mounted ; 4 divisions of cavalry troops, 18 brigades of cavalry, and 14 brigades of artillery. Chas- seurs and pioneers are attached to the infantry as required.
The Landwehr and the Honvedseg are special national institutions. In peace they are called out only for instruction and drill. The command of the Emperor is required for their mobilisation. From the aupplementaiy Reserve men are drafted into the army and Landwehr or Honvedseg in time of war. It includes many who are exempt from other compulsory service. Only one year's service in the conmion army or in the special armies is required of those who have reached a certain standard in certain schools. The Levy-in-Mass is organised by statutes of 6 June, 1886, and Hung. art. xx. 1886. All citizens from the beginning of their 19th to the end of their 42nd year, who do not serve in the common army, navy, supplementary Reserve, or special armies, belong to the Levy-in-Mass, as well as those transferred from the special armies. The Levy*in-Mass may be used for filling up gaps in the common army and special armies, and is called out by command of the Emperor, and can be ordered beyond its own territory only in pursuance of a statute ; Tyrol and Vorarlberg have in this respect special regiilations. With certain modi- fications the Austrian military organisation has been applied to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Austrian Landwehr consists of 23 regiments of infantry and 3 regi- ments of Tyrolean sharpshooters ; 6 regiments of Uhlans ; 1 section of mounted rifles in Dalmatia, and 2 squadrons of rifles in Tyrol. The Hungarian Honvedseg consists of 28 regiments of infantry and 10 regiments of cavalry with pioneer and other troops.
The whole monarchy is divided into 108 recruiting districts, 102 corresponding to the 102 regiments of infantry, three districts (Tyrol and Vorarlberg) for the Tyrolean Chasseurs, and 3 in the Adriatic littoral for
