436
BRAZIL
T. Local Government.
According to the new Constitution each State must be organised under the republican form of government, and must have its administrative, legisla- tive, and judicial authorities distinct and independent. The governors and members of the legislatures must be elective ; the magistrates must not be elective nor removable from office save by judicial sentence. The Federal executive cannot intervene directly in the local government of the States. In cases of obstinate infringement of the Federal Constitution by State authorities the only resource of the central power is an appeal to the Supreme Tribunal of Federal District. The Federal District is administered by a council elected by the citizens of the District, the municipal executive authority being exercised by a Prefect appointed for four years by the President of the Republic. There are in Brazil 892 municipalities and 1,886 parishes.
Area and Population.
The Bureau of Statistics has published returns from the census of 1890, showing the population of the States and the Federal District.
States
Area: sq. miles.
Population, 1890
Males
Females
Total
Per sq. mile
Alagoas
Amazouas
Bahia
Ceara .
22,583
732,460
164,649
40,253
17,312
288,546
177,566
532,708
222,160
443,653
28,(S54
85,453
49,625
116,218
26,634
22,195
91,335
27,436
112,330
7,370
538
250,480 80,921 960,270 394,909 69,813 112,583 212,586 47,196 1,627,461 166,357 219,833 128,209 503,555 133,707 495,673 130,712 459,118 141,980 708,011 150,892 293,657
260,960 66,994
959.532
410,778 66,184
114,989
511,440 147,915 1,919,802 805,687 135,997 227.572
22-1
0-2
11-0
20
7-2
0-7
2-4
0-2
14-3
0-7
15-7
2-8
20-7
2-3
32-9
12-8
9-8
10-3
12-3
42-2
971-5
Espirito iSanto
Goyaz
Maranhao
218,268 j 430,854 45,631 ' 92,827 1 556,638 1 3,184,099 162,098 328,455 237,399 457,232 121,282 249,491 526,669 i 1.030,224
Matto Grosso
Minas Geraes
Paia
Parahyba
Parana
Pernambuco
Piauhy
Rio de Janeiro
Rio Grande do N orte
Rio Grande do 8iil
Santa Catharina
San Paulo
133,902 481,211 137,561 438,337 141,780 676,742
267,609 876,884 268,273 897,455 283,769 1,384,753
Sergipe
Federal District
Aggregate
160,034 228,994
310,926 522,651
3,209,878
7,237,932
7,095,983 14,333,915
4-5
In 1890 the population of Rio de Janeiro was 522,651 ; of Bahia, 174,412 ; of Pernambuco, 111,556 ; Belem, 50,064 ; San Paulo, 64,934 ; Ceara 40,902 ; Maranhao, 29,308 ; Porto Alegre, 52,421 ; Parahyba, 18,645 ; Pelotas, 41,591 ; Ouro Preto, 59,249.
At the census of 1872 there were 3,787,289 whites, 3,801,787 metis, 1,954,452 negroes, and 386,955 Indians. In the northern provinces the Indian element preponderates, while in Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro,
