488
BRAZIL
officially stated; 7,500 public and private primary schools, attended by 300,000 pupils in all. The number of illiterates is returned at 8,365^997, or 84 per cent, of the population.
Justice and Crime.
There is a supreme tribunal of Justice at Rio de Janeiro ; and a court of appeal in the capital of each State, There are courts of first and second instance, both in civil and criminal cases. Judges are appointed for life. There are also municipal magistrates and justices of the peace, who are elected, and whose chief function is to settle cases by arbitration.
Finance.
The following table shows the revenue and expenditure according to the last Official Keports, balances on both sides from former years being omitted. For 1898 the estimate of the Finance Minister is given. The figures given for revenue also do not include proceeds of loans, balance of deposits, and the issues of nickel and paper money : —
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
Revenue Milreis 195,253,406 228,945,070 227,607,092 259,850,981 264,345,212 307,689,085 333,969,097 293,223,000 325,197,123
Expenditure
Milreis 220,645,874 220,592,463 279,180,219 291,311,070 364,550,264 344,881,528 373,894,847 328,974,000 372,812,424
The proposed budget for 1899 was as follows :-
Revenue
Milreis ' Expenditure
Milreis
16,009,897 1,832,412 26,439,932 46,329,296 89,464,676 165,924,210
346,000,423
Import duties
Railways .
Post and Telegraphs .
Stamps, &.C.
Rio Water Su})ply
Lottery taxes
Tobacco duties .
Other sources
Total .
222,000,000
45,080,000
12,900,000
10,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
46,184,000
Departments :
Interior and Justice .
Foreign Atl'airs .
Marine
War ....
Industry .
Finance
1
346,164,000
Total .
The public debt on December 31^ 1897, according to the Finance Minister's report, was as follows : —
