50G
FRANCE
Minister of Ayrlcullure. — M. Viger. Minister of Fuhlic Woi'ks. — M. Krantz.
The following is a list of the Sovereigns and Governments of France, from the accession of the House of Bourbon : —
House of Bourbon.
Henri IV. Louis XIII. Louis XIV. Louis XV. Louis XVI.
, ' le Juste ' . 'le Grand' .
(+1793) '. First Re2Juhlic.
1589- 1610- 1643- 1715-
1610 1643 1715 1774
1774-1792
1792-1795 1795-1799 1799-1804
Convention
Directoire
Consulate
Empire. Xapoleonl. (+ 1821) . 1804-1814
House of Bourhon restored. Louis XVIII. . , 1814-1824
Charles X. (4-1836) .1824-1830
House of Bourbon- Orleans. Louis PhiUppe (4- 1850) 1830-1848
Second Republic. Provisional Government,
Feb.— Dec. . . 1848
Louis Napoleon . . 1848-1852
Empire restored. Napoleon III. (died 1873) 1852-1870
Third Republic. Government of National
Defence . . 1870-1871
Louis A. Thiers, President 1871-1873
JSIarshal MacMahon F. J. P, Jules Grevy F Sadi Carnot Casimir Perier (June — Jan.) Felix Faure Emile Loubct
1873-1879 1879-1887 1887-1894
1894-1895 1895-1899 1899
The Chamber of Deputies is elected for four years, by universal suffrage, and each citizen 21 years old, not actually in military service, who can prove a six months' residence in any one town or commune, and not otherwise disqualified, has the right of vote. Deputies must be citizens and not under 25 years of age. The manner of election of Deputies has been modified several times since 1871. The scrutin de liste, under which each elector votes for as many Deputies as the entire department has to elect, was introduced in 1871. In 1876 it Avas replaced by the scrutin d'arrondissement, under which each department is divided into a number of arrondissements, each elector voting for one Deputy only; in 1885 there was a return to the scrutin de liste, and in 1889 the uni-nominal vote was reintroduced. In 1889 it was enacted that each candidate is bound to make, within the fortnight which precedes the elections, a declaration as to his being a candidate for a given constituency, and for one con- stituency only — all votes which eventually may be given for him in other constituencies being reckoned as void. Multiple elections and elections of persons previously condemned by the law courts are thus rendered impossible. The Chamber verifies the powers of its members. In each constituency the votes are cast up and the Deputy proclaimed elected by a commission of Councillor.s- General appointed by the prefect of the department.
The Chamber is now composed of 584 Deputies ; each * arron-
