PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY
489
1,245,833 swine. The estimated acreage and yield per acre of the principal fruits raised in Michigan in 1911 are as follows: — Apples, 269,449 acres, yielding 41 '08 bushels per acre ; peaches, 30,000 acres, with 51*75 bushels per acre ; strawberries, 10,217 acres, with 61*42 bushels per acre.
Michigan has immense resources of iron ore in the Marquette, Menominee, and Gogebic ranges. The total out-put of ore in 1911 amounted to 8,944,393 long tons (23,808,935 dollars). Copper mining in the Lake Superioi region is of very great importance. The j'ield of copper amounted in 1911 to 218,185,236 pounds (27,273,155 dollars) ; silver, in 1911, was produced to the amount of 507,700 fine ounces (274,100 dollars); salt (1911), 9,766,410 barrels (2,455,983 dollars); coal, 1,476,074 short tons (2,791,461 dollars). The output of the clay-working industries (bricks, tiles, &c.) in 1911 was valued at 2,083,932 dollars; of Portland cement (1911), 3,686,716 barrels (3,024,676 dollars). Graphite, asbestos, grindstones, gypsum, sandstone, limestone, mineral waters, and (in small quantity) petroleum are worked. The mineral output in 1911 including iron-ore, but not pig-iron, was 65,077,232 dollars.
The manufacturing industries of the State are concerned chiefly Avith lumber, timber, and agricultural products, metal-working and machinery. In 1909, the number of manufacturing establishments reported on was 9,159, with an aggregate capital of 583,947,000 dollars, 7,732 proprietors or firm members, 30,607 clerks, &c., and 231,499 wage-earners. The cost of materials used during the year was 368,612,000 dollars, and the value of the outi.ut was 685,109,000 dollars. Statistics (census 1910) of some of the more important industries are as follows : —
Industries
Capital
Wage- earners
Cost of Materials
Output
Dollars
Number
Dollars
Dollars
Lumber and Timber .
57,290,000
35,627
29,042,000
61,514,000
Planing mills ....
8,770,537
5,225
9, "203, 689
14,37f,467
Foundry and machine .
48,065,000
21,649
18,711,000
45,399,000
Flour and grist .
11,147,000
1,530
29,350,000
34,861,000
Copper smelting ....
2,37t;,315
650
18,807,701
21, -222,217
Carriages, waggons
10,189,000
4,034
5,262,000
10,159,000
Railway cars and shops (repaii-s
by Railway Companies) .
3,571,000
5,401
2,916.000
6,838,000
Furniture
28,222,000
10,610
11,718,000
28,642,000
Leather
1,(553,000
834
1,458,000
2,500,000
Agricultural implements .
15,649,000
2,359
2,800,000
9,273,000
Tobacco
6,837,000
7,876
7,208,000
10,179,000
Automobiles
52,926,000
25,444
53,882.000
96,651,000
Beet sugar
21,378,000
1,400
6,228,000
10,477,000
Canning and preserving
4,495,000
2,073
3,074,000
4,971,000
In 1909, Michigan contributed 38 '8 per cent, of the total value of pro- ducts for the automobile industry for the coiintry as a whole. Detroit holds sixth place as a manufacturing city.
Other industrial products are butter and cheese, beet sugar, chemicals, various forms of iron and steel work, and malt liquors. Slaughtering and meat-packing have also considerable importance.
In 1911 there were 9,122 miles of railway in operation, besides 906 miles of electric railway, exclusive of cit}'^ lines. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1912, 46,578,928 net tQus of freight passed through the St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal. This canal is located at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and serves as a gateway between the lakes ; it is the largest ship canal in the world.
