BOOKS OF KEFERENCE
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Pre-eminent among the industries of the State is the manufacture of clothing. This factory industry originated in the State about 1835, and by 1880 it was first among the industries of the State. In 1910, New York held the first place among the American States as a producer of clothing.
The combined textile industries in 1905 gave an output valued at 185,780,000 dollars. The following table contains statistics of the spindles, looms, Ac, employed in the more important of them : —
—
Spindles
Looms
Knitting machines
Woollen! n^r^\^i^n. cards Combing (sets) "machines
Cottons
Woollens
Hosiery
Silks
778,036 154,359 303,528 149,559
14,088 3,035
7,575
15,047
364
89
Total (1910) ....
1,385,482
24,698
15,047
821
89
Total (1905) ....
1,228,699
23,246
12,666
959
62
The output of the flour and grist mills in 1910 was of the value of 69,802,278 dollars The material used in the year comprised wheat, 6,671,722 barrels, valued at 35,530,639 dollars ; corn, 2,090,537 barrels, valued at 5,967,943 dollars; rye, 226,992 barrels valued at 970,797 dollars; buckwheat, 66,632,357 pounds, valued at 1,724,854 dollars; barley, 1,530,356 pounds, valued at 25,587 dollars.
In 1910 there were 1,953 newspapers, (fee, of which 231 were dailies, 48 Sunday papers, 56 semi-weekly, 975 weskly, 521 monthly, and 54 quarterly. Of the dailies, 84, with an aggregate circulation of 2,168,690, were morning papers. In English, 1,753 were published ; and of the foreign languages, 60 were in German, 27 in Italian, 19 in Yiddish, 12 in Polish, 11 in Spanish. 6 in Swedish, 4 each in Bohemian, Croatian, French, Hungarian and Russian ; 3 each in Ruthenian and Syrian and 2 in Danish. A total of 1,080 publications, with an aggregate circulation of 10,116,760 copies per issue, were devoted to politics and family news; 135 wth a circulation of 4,037,905 were religious in character; and 112 with a circulation of 12,664,213 were devoted to general literature.
New York city ranks as the third shipping port of the world, coming after London and LiverpooL The imports during the fiscal year of 1911 amounted to the value of 917,121,800 dollars, and the exports to the value of 807,096,417 dollars. The exports consist largely of grain, flour, cotton, tobacco, apples, and other fruits, preserved provisions, cattle, and frozen meat. Most of the gi-eat railway lines Avhicli bring merchandise from the Avest have their terminals on the New Jersey side of the harbour, but there are ample facilities for the transfer of goods to the docks on the eastern side by means of lighters and of barges which carry the loaded cars across. At New York in 1911 the tonnage movement in the foreign trade was : entered, 13,588,296 tons; cleared, 13,516,922 tons.
In New York State there were in 1910 8,429 miles of railway, and 4,720 miles of electric railway track. The canals of the State, used for commercial purposes, have a length of 566 miles, of w^hich the Erie canal has 387 miles.
British Consul-Gencral at New York. — C. "W, Bennett, 0. I.E.
British Consul. — Hon. Reginald "Walsh, M.V.O.
There are three Vice-consuls.
Books of Reference.
Legislative Manual of New York.
New York Red Book, by E. L. Murlin. Albany, 1910.
Annual Report New York State Education Department.
Reports of the various Executive Departments of the State.
Crop Export Movement and Port Facilities on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Wash- ington, 1905.
Morey (W. C), The Government of New York. New York, 1902.
Rensselaer (Mrs. Schuyler van). History of the City of New York. 2 vols. New York
Roberts (E. H.), New York : The Planting and Growth of the Empire State. 2 vols. Boston, 1887.
Wilson (R. R.), New York, Old and New. New York.— New York in Literature New York, 1907.
